Five halogen-free orthoborate salts comprised of three different cations (cholinium, pyrrolidinium and imidazolium) and two orthoborate anions, bis(mandelato)borate and bis(salicylato)borate, were synthesised and characterised by DSC, X-ray diffraction and NMR. DSC measurements revealed that glass transition points of these orthoborate salts are in the temperature range from −18 to −2 °C. In addition, it was found that [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB] salts have solid–solid phase transitions below their melting points, i.e. they exhibit typical features of plastic crystals. Salts of the bis(salicylato)borate anion [BScB]− have higher melting points compared with corresponding salts of the bis(mandelato)borate anion [BMB]−. Single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography (for [Chol][BScB] crystals) and solid-state multinuclear (13C, 11B and 15N) NMR spectroscopy were employed for the structural characterisation of [Chol][BScB], [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB], which are solids at room temperature: a strong interaction between [BScB]− anions and [Chol]+ cations was identified as (i) hydrogen bonding between OH of [Chol]+ and carbonyl groups of [BScB]− and (ii) as the inductive C–H⋯π interaction. In the other salt, [EMIm][BScB], anions exhibit π⋯π stacking in combination with C–H⋯π interactions with [EMIm]+ cations. These interactions were not identified in [EMPy][BScB] probably because of the lack of aromaticity in cations of the latter system. Our data on the formation of a lanthanum complex with bis(salicylato)borate in the liquid mixture of La3+(aq) with [Chol][BScB] suggest that this class of novel ILs can be potentially used in the extraction processes of metal ions of rare earth elements.
合成了五种无卤素的正
硼酸盐,它们由三种不同的阳离子(
胆碱、
吡咯烷和
咪唑鎓)和两种正
硼酸阴离子组成,并用
DSC、X射线衍射和NMR进行了表征。
DSC测量结果表明,这些正
硼酸盐的
玻璃化转变温度在-18至-2°C的温度范围内。此外,还发现[
EMPy][BScB]和[
EMIm][BScB]盐在其熔点以下存在固态相转变,即它们表现出典型的塑晶特征。含有[BScB]−阴离子[
水杨酸盐]的盐比含有相应[BMB]−阴离子[
扁桃酸盐]的盐具有更高的熔点。室温下为固体的[Chol][BScB]、[
EMPy][BScB]和[
EMIm][BScB]的结构表征采用了单晶X射线衍射晶体学([Chol][BScB]晶体)和固态多核(13C、11B和15N)NMR光谱学:识别出[BScB]−阴离子和[Chol] +阳离子之间的强相互作用,包括(i)[Chol] +的OH与[BScB]−的羰基之间的氢键以及(ii)诱导的C–H⋯π相互作用。在其他盐[
EMIm][BScB]中,阴离子表现出与[
EMIm] +阳离子之间的π⋯π堆叠结合C–H⋯π相互作用。由于后者系统阳离子缺乏芳香性,在[
EMPy][BScB]中未能识别出这些相互作用。我们的数据显示,在La3+(aq)与[Chol][BScB]的液态混合物中形成了
镧的
水杨酸酯配合物,这表明这一类新型
离子液体有可能用于稀土
金属离子的萃取过程。