Halogen-free chelated orthoborate ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals
作者:Faiz Ullah Shah、Sergei Glavatskih、Pamela M. Dean、Douglas R. MacFarlane、Maria Forsyth、Oleg N. Antzutkin
DOI:10.1039/c2jm12657e
日期:——
Five halogen-free orthoborate salts comprised of three different cations (cholinium, pyrrolidinium and imidazolium) and two orthoborate anions, bis(mandelato)borate and bis(salicylato)borate, were synthesised and characterised by DSC, X-ray diffraction and NMR. DSC measurements revealed that glass transition points of these orthoborate salts are in the temperature range from −18 to −2 °C. In addition, it was found that [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB] salts have solid–solid phase transitions below their melting points, i.e. they exhibit typical features of plastic crystals. Salts of the bis(salicylato)borate anion [BScB]− have higher melting points compared with corresponding salts of the bis(mandelato)borate anion [BMB]−. Single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography (for [Chol][BScB] crystals) and solid-state multinuclear (13C, 11B and 15N) NMR spectroscopy were employed for the structural characterisation of [Chol][BScB], [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB], which are solids at room temperature: a strong interaction between [BScB]− anions and [Chol]+ cations was identified as (i) hydrogen bonding between OH of [Chol]+ and carbonyl groups of [BScB]− and (ii) as the inductive C–H⋯π interaction. In the other salt, [EMIm][BScB], anions exhibit π⋯π stacking in combination with C–H⋯π interactions with [EMIm]+ cations. These interactions were not identified in [EMPy][BScB] probably because of the lack of aromaticity in cations of the latter system. Our data on the formation of a lanthanum complex with bis(salicylato)borate in the liquid mixture of La3+(aq) with [Chol][BScB] suggest that this class of novel ILs can be potentially used in the extraction processes of metal ions of rare earth elements.
合成了五种无卤素的正硼酸盐,它们由三种不同的阳离子(胆碱、吡咯烷和咪唑鎓)和两种正硼酸阴离子组成,并用DSC、X射线衍射和NMR进行了表征。 DSC测量结果表明,这些正硼酸盐的玻璃化转变温度在-18至-2°C的温度范围内。此外,还发现[EMPy][BScB]和[EMIm][BScB]盐在其熔点以下存在固态相转变,即它们表现出典型的塑晶特征。含有[BScB]−阴离子[水杨酸盐]的盐比含有相应[BMB]−阴离子[扁桃酸盐]的盐具有更高的熔点。室温下为固体的[Chol][BScB]、[EMPy][BScB]和[EMIm][BScB]的结构表征采用了单晶X射线衍射晶体学([Chol][BScB]晶体)和固态多核(13C、11B和15N)NMR光谱学:识别出[BScB]−阴离子和[Chol] +阳离子之间的强相互作用,包括(i)[Chol] +的OH与[BScB]−的羰基之间的氢键以及(ii)诱导的C–H⋯π相互作用。在其他盐[EMIm][BScB]中,阴离子表现出与[EMIm] +阳离子之间的π⋯π堆叠结合C–H⋯π相互作用。由于后者系统阳离子缺乏芳香性,在[EMPy][BScB]中未能识别出这些相互作用。我们的数据显示,在La3+(aq)与[Chol][BScB]的液态混合物中形成了镧的水杨酸酯配合物,这表明这一类新型离子液体有可能用于稀土金属离子的萃取过程。