Preparation of .alpha.-Methylene and .alpha.-Ethylidene .beta.-Lactams via the Ester Enolate-Imine Condensation Using .beta.-(Dialkylamino) Esters as Starting Materials: Scope and Synthetic Applications
摘要:
A new, simple procedure for the preparation of appropriately substituted alpha-methylene and alpha-ethylidene beta-lactams via the ester enolate-imine condensation is described. The method is based on the use of lithium 3-(dialkylamino) ester enolates as synthetic equivalents of the corresponding acrylate alpha-anions. Thus, the reaction of lithium enolates of 3-(dialkylamino) esters with imines produced alpha-[(dialkylamino)alkyl] beta-lactams stereoselectively and in high yield. Upon dehydroamination the latter furnished a variety of alpha-alkylidene beta-lactams. The synthesis of 3-alkylidene-4-formyl-2-azetidinones is a particularly significant feature of this work. Preparation of functionalized alpha-keto beta-lactams and beta-lactam-furan hybrids through a dihydroxylation-oxidation process starting from different alpha-alkylidene derivatives is also described. In addition, reduction of various 4-functionalized (Z)- and (E)-3-ethylidene-2-azetidinones yielded the corresponding 3-ethylideneazetidines as advanced precursors of polyoximic acids.
Preparation of .alpha.-Methylene and .alpha.-Ethylidene .beta.-Lactams via the Ester Enolate-Imine Condensation Using .beta.-(Dialkylamino) Esters as Starting Materials: Scope and Synthetic Applications
摘要:
A new, simple procedure for the preparation of appropriately substituted alpha-methylene and alpha-ethylidene beta-lactams via the ester enolate-imine condensation is described. The method is based on the use of lithium 3-(dialkylamino) ester enolates as synthetic equivalents of the corresponding acrylate alpha-anions. Thus, the reaction of lithium enolates of 3-(dialkylamino) esters with imines produced alpha-[(dialkylamino)alkyl] beta-lactams stereoselectively and in high yield. Upon dehydroamination the latter furnished a variety of alpha-alkylidene beta-lactams. The synthesis of 3-alkylidene-4-formyl-2-azetidinones is a particularly significant feature of this work. Preparation of functionalized alpha-keto beta-lactams and beta-lactam-furan hybrids through a dihydroxylation-oxidation process starting from different alpha-alkylidene derivatives is also described. In addition, reduction of various 4-functionalized (Z)- and (E)-3-ethylidene-2-azetidinones yielded the corresponding 3-ethylideneazetidines as advanced precursors of polyoximic acids.
Preparation of .alpha.-Methylene and .alpha.-Ethylidene .beta.-Lactams via the Ester Enolate-Imine Condensation Using .beta.-(Dialkylamino) Esters as Starting Materials: Scope and Synthetic Applications
A new, simple procedure for the preparation of appropriately substituted alpha-methylene and alpha-ethylidene beta-lactams via the ester enolate-imine condensation is described. The method is based on the use of lithium 3-(dialkylamino) ester enolates as synthetic equivalents of the corresponding acrylate alpha-anions. Thus, the reaction of lithium enolates of 3-(dialkylamino) esters with imines produced alpha-[(dialkylamino)alkyl] beta-lactams stereoselectively and in high yield. Upon dehydroamination the latter furnished a variety of alpha-alkylidene beta-lactams. The synthesis of 3-alkylidene-4-formyl-2-azetidinones is a particularly significant feature of this work. Preparation of functionalized alpha-keto beta-lactams and beta-lactam-furan hybrids through a dihydroxylation-oxidation process starting from different alpha-alkylidene derivatives is also described. In addition, reduction of various 4-functionalized (Z)- and (E)-3-ethylidene-2-azetidinones yielded the corresponding 3-ethylideneazetidines as advanced precursors of polyoximic acids.