Efficient Catalytic Enantioselective Reaction of a Glycine Cation Equivalent with Malonate Anions <i>via</i> Palladium Catalysis
作者:Martin J. O'Donnell、Ning Chen、Changyou Zhou、Angela Murray、Clifford P. Kubiak、Fan Yang、George G. Stanley
DOI:10.1021/jo961869w
日期:1997.6.13
The enantioselective alkylation of Schiff base acetates 1 with malonate types of stabilized carbon nucleophiles in the presence of a stable palladium source Pd(OAc)(2) and the chiral ligand (+)-BINAP was developed. The product 2, a protected beta-carboxyaspartic acid (ASA), was obtained in up to 85% enantiomeric excess by varying the ester protecting group on the substrate. The nature of the nucleophile has a significant effect on the enantioselectivity in this (2-aza-pi-allyl)palladium system. While a rapid chemical conversion was achieved with Schiff base benzoates 5, the enantioselectivity was insensitive to the leaving group used. An optically active substrate (51% ee) gave the same level of enantioselectivity as that obtained from the racemate. Temperature effects on the reaction were also studied; the best selectivity was obtained at 0 degrees C. A laboratory-scale reaction of the reactive nucleophile KCH(COOCH3)(2) with the tert-butyl ester substrate 1c gave, following a single recrystallization, product 2c with 95.5% ee in an overall chemical yield of 62%.