氢氧化镁 | 1317-43-7

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 消化系统用药 - 抗酸及胃黏膜保护药
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 氢氧化镁
• 中文别名: 苛性镁石,轻烧镁砂；氢氧化镁(高纯阻燃级)；苛性镁石；轻烧镁砂
• 英文名称: Magnesium Hydroxide
• 英文别名: magnesium dihydroxide；magnesium;dihydroxide
• CAS: 1317-43-7；1309-42-8
• 化学式: H₂MgO₂
• 分子量: 58.3197
• InChiKey: VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  350 °C (lit.)
• 密度：
  2,36 g/cm3
• 溶解度：
  M HCl：0.1 M，透明，黄色
• 最大波长(λmax)：
  λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.030λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.025
• LogP：
  -1.380 (est)
• 物理描述：
  Odourless, white bulky powder
• 颜色/状态：
  Amorphous powder
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.559, 1.580

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.73
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  2
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

除非患者缺镁，否则肠道吸收的镁非常少。总体而言，大约有15%-50%的氢氧化镁悬浮液会被系统性吸收。然而，它不会经历任何代谢过程，因为它会迅速通过尿液排出体外。

Unless a patient is deficient in magnesium, very little is absorbed by the intestine. Overall, about 15%-50% of the magnesium hydroxide suspension is absorbed systemically. However, it does not undergo any metabolism as it is rapidly excreted in the urine.

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响

哺乳期使用总结：一项关于哺乳期间使用氢氧化镁的研究发现，哺乳的婴儿没有出现不良反应。静脉注射镁仅略微增加乳汁中镁的浓度。婴儿对镁的口服吸收较差，因此母体氢氧化镁不太可能影响哺乳婴儿的血清镁。怀孕期间补充氢氧化镁可能会延迟哺乳的开始，但在哺乳期间可以服用，不需要特别的预防措施。 对哺乳婴儿的影响：五十位产后第一天的母亲接受了15毫升的矿物质油或相当于900毫克氢氧化镁的矿物质油和氢氧化镁乳液的混合物，尽管没有说明具体有多少人接受了每种产品。如果需要，随后的几天可以给予额外的剂量。所有哺乳的婴儿都没有出现明显异常的大便，但所有婴儿也接受了补充喂养。[2] 对哺乳和母乳的影响：一位因妊娠高血压接受三天静脉注射硫酸镁的母亲，哺乳II期延迟到产后第10天。尽管没有完成全面评估，但没有发现延迟的其他具体原因。[3]随后的对照临床试验发现，接受静脉注射硫酸镁治疗的母亲没有延迟哺乳的证据。[4]一些研究，而不是所有的研究，发现接受静脉注射硫酸镁治疗的母亲所生的婴儿首次喂养时间延长或吸吮减少的趋势，这是因为镁通过胎盘传递给胎儿。[4][5] 在一项对40对健康女性进行的研究中，这些女性都是通过阴道分娩的单胎妊娠，比较了那些在分娩前至少4周每天持续口服盐酸镁-L-天冬氨酸补充剂（平均剂量为459毫克，每日范围365至729毫克镁）的妇女与对照组的结局指标。在镁组中，能够仅以母乳喂养婴儿出院的妇女显著较少（63%对80%）。[6]

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:A study on the use of magnesium hydroxide during breastfeeding found no adverse reactions in breastfed infants. Intravenous magnesium increases milk magnesium concentrations only slightly. Oral absorption of magnesium by the infant is poor, so maternal magnesium hydroxide is not expected to affect the breastfed infant's serum magnesium. Magnesium hydroxide supplementation during pregnancy might delay the onset of lactation, but it can be taken during breastfeeding and no special precautions are required. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Fifty mothers who were in the first day postpartum received 15 mL of either mineral oil or an emulsion of mineral oil and magnesium hydroxide equivalent to 900 mg of magnesium hydroxide, although the exact number who received each product was not stated. Additional doses were given on subsequent days if needed. None of the breastfed infants were noted to have any markedly abnormal stools, but all of the infants also received supplemental feedings.[2] ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:One mother who received intravenous magnesium sulfate for 3 days for pregnancy-induced hypertension had lactogenesis II delayed until day 10 postpartum. No other specific cause was found for the delay, although a complete work-up was not done.[3] A subsequent controlled clinical trial found no evidence of delayed lactation in mothers who received intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy.[4] Some, but not all, studies have found a trend toward increased time to the first feeding or decreased sucking in infants of mothers treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate during labor because of placental transfer of magnesium to the fetus.[4][5] A study in 40 pairs of matched healthy women with vaginally delivered singleton pregnancies, outcome endpoints were compared in those receiving continuous oral magnesium aspartate HCl supplementation mean dose of 459 mg daily (range 365 to 729 mg of magnesium daily) for at least 4 weeks before delivery versus non-supplemented controls. In the magnesium group, significantly fewer women could breastfeed their infants exclusively at discharge (63% vs 80%).[6]

来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

毒理性

• 相互作用

氢氧化镁可能会通过碱化胃肠道内容物而干扰华法林的吸收。...已经证实，氢氧化镁悬浮液实际上增强了双香豆素的吸收...更高的血清峰值水平...

...MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE MAY INTERFERE WITH ABSORPTION OF WARFARIN BY ALKALINIZING GASTROINTESTINAL CONTENTS. ...IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED THAT MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION ACTUALLY ENHANCES THE ABSORPTION OF DICUMAROL...HIGHER PEAK SERUM LEVELS...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

尿液碱化可以减少各种弱碱性药物（例如奎尼丁）的排泄。氢氧化镁可增加人体对华法林的吸收并减少大鼠对巴比妥类药物的吸收。

ALKALINIZATION OF URINE CAN DECR EXCRETION OF VARIOUS WEAKLY BASIC DRUGS (EG QUINIDINE). MG(OH2) INCR ABSORPTION OF WARFARIN IN MAN & DECR ABSORPTION OF BARBITURATES IN RATS.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

人类暴露研究/具有碱性pH值的化合物对眼睛的潜在损害甚至可能超过强酸。在临床意义上，根据伤害的频率和严重程度，重要的化合物包括...氢氧化镁。

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Compounds with a basic pH are potentially even more damaging to the eye than are strong acids. Among the compounds of clinical significance in terms of frequency and severity of injuries are ... magnesium hydroxide.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

如果疏散失败（肠梗阻或弛缓），会发生粘膜刺激和吸收。从全身性镁产生中枢神经系统抑制，反射消失，呼吸麻痹导致死亡。

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ IF EVACUATION FAILS (BOWEL OBSTRUCTION OR ATONY), MUCOSAL IRRITATION & ABSORPTION OCCUR. SYSTEMICALLY MG PRODUCES CNS DEPRESSION, ABOLITION OF REFLEXES, & DEATH FROM RESP PARALYSIS.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

大约15%-50%的氢氧化镁通过小肠非常缓慢地被吸收。

About 15%-50% of magnesium hydroxide is absorbed very slowly through the small intestine.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

经口服给药后，多达50%的氢氧化镁悬浮液可能作为镁离子通过小肠被吸收，然后通过肾脏快速随尿液排出。未被吸收的药物主要随粪便和唾液排出。

After oral administration, up to 50% of the magnesium hydroxide suspension may be absorbed as magnesium ions through the small intestines and then rapidly excreted in the urine through the kidneys. The unabsorbed drug is mainly excreted in the feces and saliva.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 分布容积

氢氧化镁的峰值作用和分布是可变的。

The peak action and distribution of magnesium hydroxide are variable.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 清除

氢氧化镁主要通过肾脏随尿液排出体外。由于肾脏在清除氢氧化镁方面起着主要作用，因此肾衰竭患者存在因长期摄入而导致高镁血症的风险，因为适当的镁量可能无法被排出。

Magnesium hydroxide is mainly excreted in the urine by the kidneys. Since the kidneys play a major role in its clearance, individuals with renal failure are at risk of hypermagnesemia with long term consumption as the appropriate amounts of magnesium may not be excreted.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

虽然氢氧化镁被分类为非系统性抗酸药，但5%到10%的镁可以被吸收...通常被吸收的镁离子会迅速通过肾脏排出。在正常人身上，吸收伴随的系统性碱中毒风险很小或几乎没有，但尿液可能会变得碱性。

ALTHOUGH MG(OH)2 IS CLASSIFIED AS A NONSYSTEMIC ANTACID, 5 TO 10% OF MAGNESIUM CAN BE ABSORBED... ORDINARILY THE ABSORBED MAGNESIUM ION IS RAPIDLY EXCRETED BY KIDNEY. IN NORMAL PERSONS, ABSORPTION IS ATTENDED BY LITTLE OR NO DANGER OF SYSTEMIC ALKALOSIS, BUT URINE MAY BECOME ALKALINE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes

制备方法与用途

以下是关于氢氧化镁的重要信息总结：

主要特性

• 化学式：Mg(OH)₂
• 分子量：58.33
• 性质：
  • 白色六方晶体或无定形粉末。
  • 相对密度2.36。
  • 350℃时失去1分子水，生成MgO。
  • 溶于稀酸和铵盐溶液，几乎不溶于水和醇。

自然存在

• 在自然界以水镁石矿形式存在。

医药用途

• 用于制药工业，在医药上用作抗酸剂和缓泻剂。
• 还可用于制糖和氧化镁等。

阻燃应用

• 是一种高填充量与添加型的无机阻燃剂与抑烟剂。
• 受热时分解吸收燃烧物表面热量达到阻燃作用；同时，释放出大量水分稀释燃物表面的氧气，进一步阻止燃烧的进行。
• 分解生成的活性氧化镁会附着在可燃物表面，防止燃烧。

生产方法

1. 卤水一石灰法：
   • 将净化精制处理后的卤水与消化除渣后制成的石灰乳在沉淀槽内反应。
2. 卤水-氨水法：
   • 经净化处理的卤水作为原料，以氨水为沉淀剂进行沉淀反应。
3. 菱苦土-盐酸-氨水法：
   • 菱镁矿石煅烧后生成氧化镁和二氧化碳，再通过与稀盐酸、氨水反应制备氢氧化镁产品。

使用限量

• FAO/WHO（1984）规定：可可粉及含糖可可粉、可可豆粉、可可液块及可可油饼中允许使用量为5g/kg（以无脂可可计，K2CO3计）。

毒性

• 未作限制性规定的ADI值。
• GRAS分类：FDA认定为GRAS（一般认为安全），编号182.1428。

以上信息涵盖了氢氧化镁的基本化学性质、生产方法以及在不同领域中的应用。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氢氧化镁 生成 magnesium sulfate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  WEISWEILER, WERNER;STEIN, ROMAN, CHEM., 113,(1989) N, C. 129-137

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氧化钙 生成 氢氧化镁
  参考文献：
  名称：

  NAKAGAVA, KEHNITI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  6,7-Dichloro-2-ethyl-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophen-3-ol 、 trifluoroborane diethyl ether 、 sodium hydroxide 在 乙醚 、 氢氧化镁 作用下， 以 溶剂黄146 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 以gives 2.4 g 6,7-dichloro-2-ethyl-5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene as yellow needles, mp 73°-74.5°的产率得到6,7-dichloro-2-ethyl-5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Benzo[b]thiophenes intermediates

  摘要：

  本发明公开了新型苯并[b]噻吩化合物，含有该化合物的组合物，制备该化合物的方法以及通过给予该化合物和组合物来降低血压和产生利尿作用的方法。

  公开号：

  US04528399A1

文献信息

• Ester derivatives of ether polycarboxylic acids
  申请人：Lever Brothers Company

  公开号：US04145558A1

  公开（公告）日：1979-03-20

  Novel polyfunctional compounds which may be hydrolyzed to the corresponding salts, which in turn are metal sequestering agents, are disclosed, as well as a novel method for their preparation. The compounds are the reaction product obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds. These products are prepared by a reaction of the starting materials in preferably a substantially anhydrous medium at an elevated temperature.

  本发明揭示了一种新型多功能化合物，可以水解成相应的盐，这些盐又是金属螯合剂，同时还揭示了一种新型的制备方法。这些化合物是从选择的顺丁烯二酸单烷酯盐和选择的活性氢含有化合物反应得到的反应产物。这些产物是通过在高温下在优选的基本无水介质中反应起始材料制备的。
• SO.sub.2 removal
  申请人：Bechtel International Corporation

  公开号：US04388283A1

  公开（公告）日：1983-06-14

  Improved methods are provided for the efficient and economic removal of sulfur dioxide from gases, which comprise contacting the gas with neutralizing values obtained from Type S hydrated lime, i.e. calcined dolomite, slaked with water under elevated temperature and pressure. The Type S hydrated dolomitic lime may be used in conjunction with a wet scrubber to provide base and neutralizing magnesium values, in a spray dryer or dry scrubber, or directly introduced into the boiler. The use of Type S hydrated dolomitic lime greatly enhances the efficiency of sulfur dioxide removal, providing for enhanced utilization of base values and more rapid rate of reaction.

  提供了改进的方法，用于高效和经济地从气体中去除二氧化硫，其中包括将气体与在高温高压下用水熟化的S型水化石灰获得的中和价接触。可将S型水化白垩石与湿式洗涤器一起使用，以提供基础和中和的镁价，在喷雾干燥器或干式洗涤器中使用，或直接引入锅炉。使用S型水化白垩石极大地提高了二氧化硫去除的效率，提高了基础价的利用率和反应速率。
• Flower thinning agent
  申请人：Hojo Hisakazu

  公开号：US20050245396A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-11-03

  The flower thinning agent of the present invention comprises a preparation of a mixture of an inorganic compound of poor water solubility with an additive, satisfying the following relationships of (a) 0.03≦P≦30, (b) 3≦Q≦800, and (c) 0.5≦Q/P≦1000, wherein P: average particle diameter (μm) measured by SALD-2000A laser type particle size distribution meter, Q: BET specific surface area (m 2 /g) measured according to the nitrogen adsorption method. The flower thinning agent of the present invention is not harmful to a human body and has not only high adaptability to the deflection of spread timing, but also high flower thinning effect.

  本发明的花瘤剂包括一种由一种贫水溶性的无机化合物和一种添加剂混合制备而成的制剂，满足以下关系式：(a) 0.03≦P≦30，(b) 3≦Q≦800，(c) 0.5≦Q/P≦1000，其中P：通过SALD-2000A激光粒度分布仪测量的平均粒径(μm)，Q：按照氮吸附法测量的BET比表面积(m2/g)。本发明的花瘤剂对人体无害，并且不仅具有高适应性，可以在不同的施用时间下使用，而且具有高效的花瘤效果。
• Process for preparing aminoalkylpyrrolobenzoxazalkanes
  申请人：American Hoechst Corporation

  公开号：US04169095A1

  公开（公告）日：1979-09-25

  Novel aminoalkylpyrrolobenzoxazalkanes, physiologically tolerable acid addition salts thereof, method of preparing same and novel intermediates in the preparation thereof are described. These compounds are useful as analgesic agents and tranquilizers.

  本发明涉及新型氨基烷基吡咯苯并噁唑烷，其生理耐受性酸盐添加物，其制备方法以及制备中的新型中间体。这些化合物可用作镇痛剂和镇静剂。
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of heterocyclic compounds
  申请人：DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES LTD.

  公开号：US20020169175A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-11-14

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the general formula (I), their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them. 1

  本发明涉及一般式(I)的药用可接受盐、其衍生物、类似物、互变异构体、立体异构体、多晶形式、药用可接受溶剂和含有它们的药用可接受组合物。

表征谱图