镉酸钙 | 8012-75-7

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 镉酸钙
• 中文别名: 斯坦布尔黄,铬黄(色料)
• 英文名称: Calcium chromate dihydrate
• 英文别名: calcium;dioxido(dioxo)chromium;dihydrate
• CAS: 8012-75-7；10060-08-9
• 化学式: CaCrO4.2H2O
• 分子量: 192.1
• InChiKey: BCFSVSISUGYRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 溶解度：
  溶于稀酸
• 物理描述：
  Calcium chromate dihydrate is a bright yellow powder. Loses water at 392°F (200°C).
• 熔点：
  392 °F (loses 2H2O) (NTP, 1992)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.65
• 重原子数：
  8
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  82.3
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

铬通过口腔、吸入或皮肤接触被吸收，并分布到几乎所有组织中，肾脏和肝脏中浓度最高。骨骼也是一个主要的储存场所，并可能对长期保留有所贡献。六价铬与硫酸盐和铬酸盐的相似性使其能够通过硫酸盐转运机制进入细胞。在细胞内，六价铬首先被还原为五价铬，然后通过包括抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸等多种物质还原为三价铬。铬几乎全部通过尿液排出。(A12, L16)

Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

六价铬的致癌作用是由其代谢物五价铬和三价铬引起的。DNA损伤可能是由细胞内存在的过氧化氢分子在五价铬再氧化过程中产生的羟基自由基引起的。三价铬还可能形成与肽、蛋白质和DNA的复合物，导致DNA-蛋白质交联、DNA链断裂、DNA-DNA链间交联、铬-DNA加合物、染色体畸变和细胞信号通路改变。已经证明，它通过过度刺激细胞调节通路，并通过激活某些丝裂原活化蛋白激酶增加过氧化氢水平来诱导致癌作用。它还可以通过将组蛋白去乙酰化酶1-DNA甲基转移酶1复合物与CYP1A1启动子染色质交联，抑制组蛋白修饰，引起转录抑制。铬可能通过修饰金属调节转录因子1，导致抑制锌诱导的金属硫蛋白转录，从而增加其自身的毒性。(A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

六价铬是一种已知的致癌物质。特别是长期吸入六价铬已被证实与肺癌有关。六价铬还已知会导致生殖和发育缺陷。（A12）

Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been know to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (A12)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入 (L16) ; 口服 (L16) ; 经皮 (L16)

Inhalation (L16) ; oral (L16) ; dermal (L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

吸入六价铬可以对鼻粘膜造成刺激，引起鼻溃疡、流鼻涕以及呼吸问题，如哮喘、咳嗽、呼吸急促或喘鸣。摄入六价铬会在胃和小肠造成刺激和溃疡，还会导致贫血。皮肤接触可能导致皮肤溃疡。

Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

制备方法与用途

水中溶解度(g/100ml)：不同温度(℃)时每100毫升水中的溶解克数
4.5g/0℃；2.25g/20℃；1.83g/30℃；1.49g/40℃；0.83g/60℃

生产方法

1. 铬酸钠溶液预热，与足量NaOH混合，保持pH值为10～11，并与过量20%的CaCl₂溶液混合，在100℃下加热。沉淀后滤洗、于230℃干燥，制得含CaCrO₄ 89.55%的颜料铬酸钙。
2. 轻质碳酸钙50份与等量水捏合成浆，缓慢注入34份盐酸，然后加18份氢氧化钠煮沸。再加68份重铬酸钾在100份水中的溶液，继续煮沸，滤洗、烘干，得到无定型铬酸钙黄色粉末。
3. 52kg Ca(OH)₂与6.5L水混成浆，搅拌下分次加入64.1kg铬酐，浆料球磨10小时，得含40%水分的浆料。直接干燥后于600℃煅烧1小时，粉碎即得铬酸钙颜料。

类别

氧化剂

毒性分级

高毒

急性毒性

口服-大鼠 LD₅₀: 327毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

与硼混合明火燃烧

储运特性

库房通风低温干燥；与有机物、还原剂分开存放

灭火剂

水、二氧化碳、泡沫、干粉

职业标准

TWA 0.001毫克(铬)/立方米