硫酸钙半水合物 | 26499-65-0

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属硫化物及硫酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 硫酸钙半水合物
• 中文别名: 熟石膏
• 英文名称: Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate
• 英文别名: dicalcium;disulfate;hydrate
• CAS: 26499-65-0
• 化学式: Ca2H2O9S2
• 分子量: 290.3
• InChiKey: ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J

物化性质

• 熔点：
  163 °C
• 密度：
  1.55 g/cm3
• 物理描述：
  Plaster of paris appears as white or yellowish, finely divided, odorless powder consisting mostly or entirely of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO4*1/2H2O. Forms a paste when it is mixed with water that soon hardens into a solid. Used in making casts, molds, and sculpture. Generally non-toxic.
• 溶解度：
  Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.30
• 蒸汽压力：
  0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.26
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  178
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  9

ADMET

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入，吞食，皮肤和/或眼睛接触

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 症状

眼睛刺激，皮肤，粘膜，呼吸系统；咳嗽

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane, respiratory system; cough

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 吸入症状

咳嗽。

Cough.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 眼睛症状

红斑。疼痛。

Redness. Pain.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 靶器官

眼睛、皮肤、呼吸系统

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

安全信息

• 职业暴露等级：
  B
• 职业暴露限值：
  TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  二水合硫酸钙 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 硫酸钙半水合物
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Low embodied energy wallboards and methods of making same

  摘要：

  墙板采用的生产方法，与制造石膏墙板所需的能量相比，大大降低了能量消耗。一种新型粘合剂，其中一种实施方式包括单磷酸钾和氧化镁，并与各种填料结合使用，用于提供可控的放热反应，以创建类似于石膏板的芯材，可以用选择的材料（如回收纸张）包裹，并在传送带系统上制造，看起来和处理起来像石膏墙板，但不需要大量的能量来制造石膏墙板。所得产品可用于室内或室外应用，并具有石膏墙板的防火、隔音和其他重要性能。随着能源成本的增加，这种新型墙板的制造成本可能会比传统墙板更低。制造过程产生的温室气体排放比制造石膏墙板的过程要少得多。

  公开号：

  US20080171179A1

文献信息

• Hemihydrate type phosphoric acid process
  申请人：Occidental Petroleum Corporation

  公开号：US04196172A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-04-01

  Phosphate rock and sulfuric acid are reacted under conditions which result in the formation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate and phosphoric acid of about 35% to about 55% P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A two vessel reaction system is used in which the reaction slurry undergoes intra- and inter- vessel circulation (preferably through a draft tube). The solution portion of the slurry in the first vessel (the "dissolver") is preferably maintained at a negative sulfate concentration (i.e. excess Ca.sup.+2) and the solution in the second vessel (the "crystallizer") is preferably maintained at a positive sulfate ion concentration. Also preferred is that the second vessel be maintained at a reduced pressure, (e.g. to provide evaporation cooling). Better filtration rates can thus be obtained due to the favorable shape, dominant size and size distribution of the hemihydrate crystals. Most preferred is that a crystal modifier (e.g. a sulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid salt, tall oil fatty acids or alkoxylated or esterified tall oil fatty acids) be present in the crystallizer. Surprisingly, the sulfuric acid used in the process can be less (e.g., 0.5-10%) than the stoichiometric amount to convert the calcium in the feed phosphate rock to calcium sulphate.

  磷酸岩和硫酸在一定条件下反应，形成半水合硫酸钙和约35％至55％ P.sub.2 O.sub.5 的磷酸。使用两个反应器系统，反应浆料在其中进行内部和间隔循环（最好通过引流管）。第一个反应器（“溶解器”）中的溶液部分最好保持负硫酸盐浓度（即过量的Ca.sup.+2），第二个反应器（“结晶器”）中的溶液最好保持正硫酸盐浓度。还更喜欢将第二个反应器维持在降低的压力下（例如提供蒸发冷却）。由于半水合硫酸钙晶体的有利形状，主导尺寸和尺寸分布，因此可以获得更好的过滤速率。最好在结晶器中加入晶体改性剂（例如磺酸，磺酸盐，松香油脂肪酸或烷基化或酯化的松香油脂肪酸）。令人惊讶的是，用于该过程的硫酸可以比将进料磷酸岩中的钙转化为硫酸钙所需的化学计量量少（例如0.5-10％）。
• Method of reducing the solubility of calcium sulfate dihydrate in an aqueous suspension and method of making same
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20040241082A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-12-02

  The suspension of needle-shaped (acicular) calcium sulfate dihydrate particles is prepared by mixing freshly calcined calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 11 2?O), having an average particle size between 1 and 100 micrometers, and water in a reactor at medium to high shear rate, with either no additives or together with acids or with calcium or sulfate containing additives. The average length and width of the resulting calcium sulfate dihydrate particles are then about 5 to 35 micrometers and 1 to 5 micrometers, respectively. The calcium sulfate dihydrate particles of reduced solubility are obtained using a calcium chelating agent, with or without the addition of a weak acid. The resulting product is a suspension of calcium sulfate dihydrate particles that can be used as a filler in papermaking. The particles have a high retention and provide improved optical properties with minimal filler losses due to solubility.

  该文翻译如下：通过将新酸煅石膏半水合物（CaSO4•1/2H2O），平均粒径在1到100微米之间，与水在中高剪切速率下混合，无添加剂或与含酸、钙或硫酸盐的添加剂一起，在反应器中制备出针状（针状）硫酸钙二水合物颗粒的悬浮液。由此产生的硫酸钙二水合物颗粒的平均长度和宽度分别约为5至35微米和1至5微米。使用钙螯合剂，有或没有加入弱酸，可以获得溶解度降低的硫酸钙二水合物颗粒。得到的产品是一种硫酸钙二水合物颗粒的悬浮液，可用作造纸中的填料。这些颗粒具有高的保留能力，并提供改善的光学性能，由于溶解度的缘故，填料损失最小。
• Hemihydrate type process for phosphoric acid manufacture using additive
  申请人：Occidental Petroleum Corporation

  公开号：US04220630A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-09-02

  When sulfate ions and a solution of monocalcium phosphate are reacted under conditions which result in the formation of a slurry comprising calcium sulfate hemihydrate and phosphoric acid of about 35% to about 55% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, filtration is improved when a sulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid salt, tall oil fatty acid or alkoxylated or esterified tall oil fatty acid and mixtures thereof is present in the slurry (preferably at 1-1000 ppm). Preferably a two vessel reaction system is used in which the reaction slurry undergoes intra- and inter- vessel circulation (preferably through a draft tube). The solution portion of the slurry in the first vessel (the "dissolver") is preferably maintained at a negative sulfate concentration (i.e. excess Ca.sup.+2) and the solution in the second vessel (the "crystallizer") is preferably maintained at a positive sulfate ion concentration, most preferably at a reduced pressure, (e.g. to provide evaporative cooling). Better filtration rates can thus be obtained due to the lower viscosity of the slurry and/or favorable shape, dominant size and size distribution of the hemihydrate crystals.

  当硫酸根离子和一种单一磷酸钙溶液在产生半水合硫酸钙和约35％至55％P.sub.2 O.sub.5的磷酸的浆状物的条件下反应时，当浆状物中存在磺酸，磺酸盐，松香油脂肪酸或烷基化或酯化的松香油脂肪酸及其混合物时（最好在1-1000 ppm），过滤效果得到改善。最好使用两个反应器系统，在这种系统中，反应浆液经历内部和外部循环（最好通过引流管）。第一个容器（“溶解器”）中的浆液的溶液部分最好保持负硫酸根离子浓度（即过量的Ca.sup.+2），并且第二个容器（“结晶器”）中的溶液最好保持正硫酸根离子浓度，最好在降低压力的情况下（例如提供蒸发冷却）。由于半水合硫酸钙晶体的较低粘度和/或有利的形状，主导尺寸和尺寸分布，因此可以获得更好的过滤速率。
• Process to produce hydrogen and/or hemihydrate calcium sulphate from
  申请人：Materials-Concepts-Research Limited

  公开号：US05458744A1

  公开（公告）日：1995-10-17

  A process for producing hydrogen and/or hemihydrate calcium sulphate from calcium sulphite. Waste solid containing calcium sulphite and other calcium salts is treated by the addition of aqueous sulphur dioxide solution or sulphuric acid solution to produce a liquid phase product. The liquid phase product may be separated from any remaining solid phase material and then subjected to the addition of sulphuric acid in a second step, wherein calcium sulphate hemihydrate is produced. The addition of sulphuric acid to the liquid phase results in the evolution of sulphur dioxide which may be used as such or in sulphur dioxide electrolysis cells in order to produce hydrogen and sulphuric acid. An especially unique feature of the process is that the sulphuric acid produced in generating hydrogen can be recycled to the step where the calcium sulphate crystals are produced.

  从硫酸钙磺酸盐中制备氢气和/或半水合硫酸钙的方法。将含有硫酸钙和其他钙盐的废固体处理，加入水溶性二氧化硫溶液或硫酸溶液以产生液相产物。液相产物可以与任何剩余的固相材料分离，然后在第二步中加入硫酸，产生半水合硫酸钙。将硫酸加入液相会产生二氧化硫的释放，可以将其直接用于二氧化硫电解池中以产生氢气和硫酸。该方法的一个特别独特之处是，在产生氢气的过程中产生的硫酸可以回收到产生硫酸钙晶体的步骤中。
• Feed system for phosphoric acid production with decreased foaming
  申请人：Occidental Research Corporation

  公开号：US04258007A1

  公开（公告）日：1981-03-24

  A system for the preparation of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock and sulfuric acid, includes in combination a first reaction vessel containing a first slurry comprising calcium sulfate hemihydrate, monocalcium phosphate and phosphoric acid, a second reaction vessel containing a second slurry comprising calcium sulfate hemihydrate, circulation means including a draft tube disposed centrally in each of said vessels and an agitator positioned axially in each of said vessels within said draft tube, a first conduit interconnecting said first and second reaction vessels for conducting said first slurry from said first reaction vessel to said second reaction vessel, a second conduit interconnecting said vessels for conducting said second slurry from said second reaction vessel to said first reaction vessel, an inlet pipe for introducing phosphate rock and phosphoric acid to said first reaction vessel, and wherein a vent is connected to said inlet pipe to permit escape of gases and, thus, increasing the rate of flow of said phosphate rock and phosphoric acid to said first reaction vessel.

  一种从磷酸盐岩和硫酸制备磷酸的系统，包括第一反应容器，其中包含第一混浆，包括硫酸钙半水合物、单一磷酸钙和磷酸，第二反应容器，其中包含第二混浆，包括硫酸钙半水合物，循环装置包括分别置于每个容器中心的引流管和轴向放置于每个容器内的搅拌器，第一管道连接第一和第二反应容器，用于将第一混浆从第一反应容器输送到第二反应容器，第二管道连接容器，用于将第二混浆从第二反应容器输送到第一反应容器，进料管用于将磷酸盐岩和磷酸引入第一反应容器，通风口连接到进料管，以允许气体逸出，从而增加磷酸盐岩和磷酸进入第一反应容器的流速。