Investigation of phase instabilities in guanidinium halogenoplumbates(II)
摘要:
Four new compounds based on guanidinium and halogenoplumbate(II) ions, [C(NH2)(3)](2)PbCl4, [C(NH2)(3)](2)PbBr4, [C(NH2)(3)](2)PbI4 and C(NH2)(3)PbI3, have been studied by differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. In the chloride, four thermal anomalies have been detected at 345, 383, 412-419 and 439 K, indicating the possibility of four first-order phase transitions; the estimated transition entropies suggest the existence of phase disordering above 439 K. It was established that the phase sequences occurring on heating and on cooling the substance are different. The bromide compound undergoes two successive first-order phase transitions at 406-415 and 426 K, both associated with a large transition entropy indicating disordering of the intermediate-and high-temperature phases. In the tetraiodide, a continuous phase transition to the disordered phase was found at 307 K, while the triiodide undergoes two first-order phase transitions at 255 and 432 K, respectively Both phase transitions in C(NH2)(3)PbI3 are of the order-disorder type, the high-temperature phase exhibits metastable properties.The spectroscopic changes observed at the high-temperature phase transitions in [C(NH2)(3)](2)PbBr4 and C(NH2)(3)PbI3 indicate that the mechanism of these transformations is connected both with a disordering process and a distortion of the anionic sublattices. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
transitions in guanidinium lead iodide (GAPbI3) using vibrationalspectroscopy techniques (IR and Raman) are presented. In addition to the well-known three phases of GAPbI3 (denoted as I, II and III) another one existing in the temperature range from 48 °C to 160 °C is characterized. The thorough inspection of the vibrationalspectra revealed some interesting changes occurring in the low temperature