unique biological activity, make the natural occurring apoptolidin (1) a challenging synthetic target. The retrosynthetic analysis revealed five key building blocks-three for the construction of the macrolide ring B and two prospective pendant saccharide units-which were synthesized in a highly convergent manner and then connected. Apoptolidin's rather labile nature proved particularly challenging in
Total Synthesis of Apoptolidin: Construction of Enantiomerically Pure Fragments
作者:K. C. Nicolaou、Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou、Holger Monenschein、Yiwei Li、Bernd Weyershausen、Helen J. Mitchell、Heng-xu Wei、Prasuna Guntupalli、David Hepworth、Kazuyuki Sugita
DOI:10.1021/ja0304953
日期:2003.12.1
A general strategy for the totalsynthesis of the antitumor agent apoptolidin (1) is proposed, and the chemical synthesis of the defined key building blocks (4, 5, 6, 8, and 9) in their enantiomerically pure forms is described. The projected totalsynthesis calls for a dithiane coupling reaction to construct the C(20)-C(21) bond, a Stille coupling reaction to form the C(11)-C(12) bond, and a Yamaguchi
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Apoptolidinones A and D
作者:Victor P. Ghidu、Jingqi Wang、Bin Wu、Qingsong Liu、Aaron Jacobs、Lawrence J. Marnett、Gary A. Sulikowski
DOI:10.1021/jo800545r
日期:2008.7.1
against normal cells. Total syntheses of apoptolidinones A and D are reported. The efficient synthetic strategy leading to the apoptolidinones features construction of the common 20-membered macrolactone by an intramolecular Suzuki reaction and stereocontrolled aldol reactions establishing the C19/C20 and C22/C23 stereocenters. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycones apoptolidinone A and D were shown
凋亡素 AD 是微生物次级代谢产物,对多种癌细胞系具有选择性细胞毒性,而对正常细胞无细胞毒性。报道了凋亡烷酮 A 和 D 的全合成。导致凋亡烷酮的有效合成策略的特点是通过分子内 Suzuki 反应和立体控制羟醛反应构建常见的 20 元大环内酯,从而建立 C19/C20 和 C22/C23 立体中心。与凋亡素 A 相比,当针对人肺癌细胞 (H292) 进行评估时,苷元凋亡素 A 和 D 被证明是非细胞毒性的。