Synthesis of Electronically Diverse Tetraarylimidazolylidene Carbenes via Catalytic Aldimine Coupling
摘要:
A new method for synthesizing symmetrical N-heterocyclic imidazolium salts is described. Catalytic coupling of aldimines with cyanide followed by oxidation gives alpha-diketimines, which can then be cyclized with formaldehyde in acidic media. This two-step procedure requires no chromatography and allows the synthesis of electronically diverse 1,3,4,5-tetraarylimidazolylidene carbenes.
Electronically tunable N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: 1,3-diaryl vs. 4,5-diaryl substitution
作者:James W. Ogle、Stephen A. Miller
DOI:10.1039/b914732b
日期:——
The catalytic activity of iridium-mediated transfer hydrogenation is readily tuned by electronic variation of the ligated tetraaryl-N-heterocyclic carbene and the installation of electron donating groups on the N-aryl substituents is more important than on the C-aryl substituents for effecting catalytic enhancement.
A lanthanoid metal-mediated novel reductive dimerization/oxidative dehydrogenation of a variety of aldimines has been achieved. Aromatic aldimines (1) were dimerized in the presence of 0.5 mol of ytterbium metal (Yb) and 1-naphthaldehyde (1-NpCHO) to give the corresponding vicinal diimines (2) in good to high yields. Samarium metal (Sm) or samarium(II) diiodide (SmI2) gives unsatisfied yields under the same reaction conditions. As an oxidant, 1-NpCHO gives the best result. In addition, HMPA plays an important role as a cosolvent in this reaction. Reaction of various aldimines with Yb metal is disscussed in detail. Moreover, it has been found that the electron-donating substitutents on the benzene ring promote the reaction and that the electron-withdrawing substitutents retard the reaction. The reaction of deuterated N-benzylideneaniline with Yb metal confirmed that transformation of the hydride occurred from aldimines to the oxidant aldehyde. The mechanism of the reaction was discussed.
Synthesis of Electronically Diverse Tetraarylimidazolylidene Carbenes via Catalytic Aldimine Coupling
作者:James W. Ogle、Jubo Zhang、Joseph H. Reibenspies、Khalil A. Abboud、Stephen A. Miller
DOI:10.1021/ol8012765
日期:2008.9.1
A new method for synthesizing symmetrical N-heterocyclic imidazolium salts is described. Catalytic coupling of aldimines with cyanide followed by oxidation gives alpha-diketimines, which can then be cyclized with formaldehyde in acidic media. This two-step procedure requires no chromatography and allows the synthesis of electronically diverse 1,3,4,5-tetraarylimidazolylidene carbenes.
A Novel Decyanogenative Coupling of α-Cyanoimines Mediated by Samarium. A Facile Route to α-Diketimines
作者:Ashim J. Thakur、Dipak Prajapati、Jagir S. Sandhu
DOI:10.1246/cl.2004.102
日期:2004.2
Conversion of α-cyanoimines 1 into α-diketimines 2 has been achieved successfully by using samarium diiodide in dry tetrahydrofuran in high yields without formation of anilinoanil 3, 1,2-diamines 4 or anilides 5.