Olefin polymerization catalyst system useful for polar monomers
申请人:Baugh Sauders Lisa
公开号:US20070197751A1
公开(公告)日:2007-08-23
This invention relates to copolymers produced by a polymerization method comprising contacting at least one olefin monomer, at least one polar monomer, an optional activator, and a catalyst compound represented by the formula:
wherein M is selected from groups 3-11 of the periodic table;
L
1
represents a formal anionic ligand, L
2
represents a formal neutral ligand, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1; b is greater than or equal to 0; c is greater than or equal to 1,
E is nitrogen or phosphorus, Ar
0
is arene, R
1
-R
4
are, each independently, selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl or functional group, provided however that R
3
and R
4
do not form a naphthyl ring, N is nitrogen and O is oxygen.
Jacobsen, Chemische Berichte, 1878, vol. 11, p. 28
作者:Jacobsen
DOI:——
日期:——
Understanding Solid/Solid Organic Reactions
作者:Gadi Rothenberg、Andrew P. Downie、Colin L. Raston、Janet L. Scott
DOI:10.1021/ja0034388
日期:2001.9.1
The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed "in the solid phase" and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with T-fusion below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed. based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.
Auwers, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1906, vol. 344, p. 179
作者:Auwers
DOI:——
日期:——
Auwers; Burrows, Chemische Berichte, 1899, vol. 32, p. 3041