The invention relates to block copolymer comprising i) A first block wherein at least 65 mol-% of the repeating units of the first block are repeating units of the formula (I) -[CH2-CH2-O]-, ii) A second block wherein at least 90 mol-% of the repeating units of the second block are repeating units of at least one of formulae (II) or (III), wherein the groups R1, R2, and R3 independent of each occurrence are selected from hydrocarbyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, which are optionally substituted by ether or hydroxyl groups, and wherein the groups R1 and R2 are optionally linked to each other such that a nitrogen heterocyclic structure is present, iii) A third block which is different from the first block and the second block and which is more hydrophobic than the first block.
Gadolinium DO3A derivatives mimicking phospholipids; preparation and in vitro evaluation as pH responsive MRI contrast agents
作者:Ragnar Hovland、Christian Gløgård、Arne J. Aasen、Jo Klaveness
DOI:10.1039/b100405k
日期:——
A series of Gd-DO3A derivatives (8a–d) mimicking phospholipids have been prepared. Two of the complexes, Gd-HADB-DO3A (8a) and Gd-HADO-DO3A (8b), have been evaluated as pH responsiveMRIcontrastagents in vitro. The T1-relaxivity (r1) of Gd-HADO-DO3A (8b) increased 142% on changing the pH from 6 to 8. The pH dependence is thought to arise from the formation of supramolecular structures caused by deprotonation
Amine-functional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers have been prepared that exhibit thermo- and pH- responsive behavior in aqueous solution. Three novel tertiary di(n-alkyl)glycidylamine monomers have been introduced for anionic ring-opening copolymerization (AROcP) with ethylene oxide (EO): N,N-di(n-butyl)glycidylamine (DButGA), N,N-di(n-hexyl)glycidylamine (DHexGA), and N,N-di(n-octyl)glycidylamine (DOctGA). Via controlled AROcP we synthesized well-defined (M-w/M-n = 1.051.14), water-soluble block- and gradient-type PEG copolymers, containing up to 25 mol % of the respective dialkylglycidylamine comonomer. Molecular weights ranged from 4900 to 12 000 g mol(1.) Detailed in-situ H-1 NMR kinetics and C-13 triad analyses elucidate the microstructures of the copolymers and the relative reactivity of the novel comonomers. Notably, the n-alkyl chain length had no significant influence on the relative reactivity of the glycidylamine comonomers. Calculated reactivity ratios ranged from r(EO) = 1.84, r(DButGA) = 0.49 to r(EO) = 1.78, r(DOctGA) = 0.42, manifesting the formation of gradient copolymers. Thermo- and pH-responsive properties of these copolymers are precisely tunable by the comonomer ratio, and cloud points in aqueous solution can be adjusted between 21 and 93 degrees C. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies with TEMPO as a spin probe were conducted to elucidate hostguest interactions of the copolymers. Unexpectedly, the n-alkyl chain length of the different glycidylamine comonomers only influences the inverse phase transition of the gradient copolymers, but not of the block copolymers on the nanoscale. Self-assembly of the block- and gradient-type copolymers in aqueous alkaline solution by both static and dynamic light scattering has also been investigated after confirming the existence of pure unimers in methanol.