Structural control in palladium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation by new chiral phosphine-phosphite and pyridine-phosphite ligands
作者:Carmela Grazia Arena、Dario Drommi、Felice Faraone
DOI:10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00227-5
日期:2000.7
The ligands 6-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methoxy]-4,8-di-tert-butyl-2.10-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-6-phosphadibenzo[a,c]cycloheptene, 1, (S)-4-(diphenylphosphanyl)methoxy]-3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2,1-a;3,4a']-dinaphthalene, (S)-2, and (S)-4-(diphenylphosphanyl)methoxyl-2,6-bis-trimethylsilanyl-3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2, cyclohepta[2,1-a;3,4-a']dinaphthalene, (S)-3, (S)-2-(3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2, 1 -a;3,4-a']dinaphthalen-4-yl-oxymethyl)pyridine, (S)-4, and (S)-2-(3,5-dioxa-4-phosphacyclohepta[2,1-a;3,4-a']dinaphtalen-4-yl-oxy)pyridine, (S)-5, have been easily prepared.The cationic complexes [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)(L-L')]CF3SO3 (L-L'=1-(S)-5) and [Pd(eta(3)-PhCHCHCHPh)-(L-L')]CF3SO3 (L-L' = (S)-2-(S)-4) were synthesized by conventional methods starting from the complexes [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)Cl](2) and [Pd(eta(3)-PhCHCHCHPh)Cl](2), respectively. The behavior in solution of all the pi-allyl-and pi-phenylallyl-(L-L')palladium derivatives 6-14 was studied by H-1, P-31H-1}, C-13H-1} NMR and 2D-NOESY spectroscopy. As concerns the ligands (S)-4 and (S)-5, a satisfactory analysis of the structures in solution was possible only for palladium-allyl complexes [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)(S)-4]CF3SO3, 11, and [Pd(eta(3)- C3H5)((S)-5)]CF3SO3, 12, since the corresponding species [Pd(eta(3)-PhCHCHCHPh)((S)-4)]CF3SO3, 13, and [Pd(eta(3)-PhCHCHCHPh)((S)-5)]CF3SO3, 14, revealed low stability in solution for a long time. The new ligands (S)-2-(S)-5 were tested in the palladium-catalyzed enantioselective substitution of (1,3-diphenyl-1,2-propenyl)acetate by dimethylmalonate. The precatalyst [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)((S)-2)]CF3SO3 afforded the allyl substituted product in good yield (95%) and acceptable enantioselectivities (71% e.e. in the 5 form). A similar result was achieved with the precatalyst [Pd(eta(3)-C3H5)((S)-3)]CF3SO3. The nucleophilic attack of the malonate occurred preferentially at allylic carbon far from the binaphthalene moiety, namely tr ans to the phosphite group. When the complexes containing ligands (S)-4 and (S)-5 were used as precatalysts, the product was obtained as a racemic mixture in high yield. The number of the configurational isomers of the Pd-allyl intermediates present in solution in the allylic alkylation and the relative concentrations are considered a determining factor for the enantioselectivity of the process. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.