Problems With Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST): What Do the Textbooks Say?
摘要:
The first of 3 objectives in this study was to address the major problem with Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and 2 common misconceptions related to NHST that cause confusion for students and researchers. The misconceptions are (a) a smaller p indicates a stronger relationship and (b) statistical significance indicates practical importance. The second objective was to determine how this problem and the misconceptions were treated in 12 recent textbooks used in education research methods and statistics classes. The third objective was to examine how the textbooks' presentations relate to current best practices and how much help they provide for students. The results show that almost all of the textbooks fail to acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding NHST. Most of the textbooks dealt, at least minimally, with the alleged misconceptions of interest, but they provided relatively little help for students.
Problems With Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST): What Do the Textbooks Say?
摘要:
The first of 3 objectives in this study was to address the major problem with Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) and 2 common misconceptions related to NHST that cause confusion for students and researchers. The misconceptions are (a) a smaller p indicates a stronger relationship and (b) statistical significance indicates practical importance. The second objective was to determine how this problem and the misconceptions were treated in 12 recent textbooks used in education research methods and statistics classes. The third objective was to examine how the textbooks' presentations relate to current best practices and how much help they provide for students. The results show that almost all of the textbooks fail to acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding NHST. Most of the textbooks dealt, at least minimally, with the alleged misconceptions of interest, but they provided relatively little help for students.
Acid-Catalysed Backbone Rearrangement of cholesta-6,8(14)-dienes
作者:Rong-Ming Liu、Xavier F. D. Chillier、Philippe Kamalaprija、Ulrich Burger、Fazil O. Gülaçar
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19960790407
日期:1996.6.26
Rearrangement of 5α- and 5β-cholesta-6,8(14)-dienes (13a and 13b, resp.) in the presence of anhydrous toluene-4-sulfonic acid in acetic acid leads to 5α- and 5β-12(13 14)-abeo-cholesta-8,13(17)-dienes (15a and 15b, resp.) via 5α- and 5β-cholesta-8,14-dienes (14a and 14b, resp.), respectively. Epimerization at C(20) of the spirosteradienes 15a and 15b occurs with increasing reaction time. Molecular-mechanics