A process for the preparation of fluoroformates of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or polycyclic radical, or substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic radical or an aromatic radical, which consists of reacting a carbonate of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 has the same meaning as hereinabove and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or R.sup.2 is aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms, with an alkali or alkaline earth fluoride, ammonium fluoride or a quaternary ammonium fluoride, of formula FNR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms or a fluoride which is KHF.sub.2, NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2 or KSO.sub.2 F. The fluoride is activated by a complexing agent for the cation which is a cryptate, a cyclic or linear polyether or by means of a polar aprotic compound. The carbonate is split to give a reaction mixture containing an aldehyde and the fluoroformate which is removed from the reaction mixture.
一种制备
化学式为:##STR1## 的
氟甲酸酯的方法,其中R.sup.1是取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和的脂肪族,环脂族或多环基团基,或取代或未取代的芳香族基团,其包括将
化学式为:##STR2## 的
碳酸盐与碱
金属或碱土
金属
氟化物,
铵氟化物或季
铵氟化物反应,其中R.sup.1具有如上所述的相同含义,R.sup.2为氢,1-12碳原子的烷基,5-12碳原子的环烷基,饱和或不饱和,未取代或取代有一个或多个卤原子,或R.sup.2为芳基,未取代或取代有一个或多个卤原子,所述季
铵氟化物的
化学式为FNR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6,其中R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5,R.sup.6相同或不同,为氢,1-12碳原子的烷基或芳基烷基,或为
氟化物,为KHF.sub.2,NH.sub.4HF.sub.2或KSO.sub.2F。所述
氟化物通过一个阳离子的络合剂被激活,该络合剂为加密剂,环状或线性聚醚或通过极性无
水化合物的手段。
碳酸盐分裂,生成含有醛和
氟甲酸酯的反应混合物,然后从反应混合物中去除
氟甲酸酯。