Discovery and Mechanism Study of SIRT1 Activators that Promote the Deacetylation of Fluorophore-Labeled Substrate
摘要:
SIRT1 is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, whose activators have potential therapeutic applications in age-related diseases. Here we report a new class of SIRT1 activators. The activation is dependent on the fluorophore labeled to the substrate. To elucidate the activation mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of SIRT3/ac-RHKKac-AMC complex. The structure revealed that the fluorophore blocked the H-bond formation and created a cavity between the substrate and the Rossmann fold. We built the SIRT1/ac-RHKKac-AMC complex model based on the crystal structure. K-m and K-d determinations demonstrated that the fluorophore decreased the peptide binding affinity. The binding modes of SIRT1 activators indicated that a portion of the activators interacts with the fluorophore through pi-stacking, while the portion inserts into the cavity or interacts with the Rossmann fold, thus increasing the substrate affinity. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of SIRT1 activation and may aid the design of novel SIRT1 activators.
Discovery and Mechanism Study of SIRT1 Activators that Promote the Deacetylation of Fluorophore-Labeled Substrate
摘要:
SIRT1 is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, whose activators have potential therapeutic applications in age-related diseases. Here we report a new class of SIRT1 activators. The activation is dependent on the fluorophore labeled to the substrate. To elucidate the activation mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of SIRT3/ac-RHKKac-AMC complex. The structure revealed that the fluorophore blocked the H-bond formation and created a cavity between the substrate and the Rossmann fold. We built the SIRT1/ac-RHKKac-AMC complex model based on the crystal structure. K-m and K-d determinations demonstrated that the fluorophore decreased the peptide binding affinity. The binding modes of SIRT1 activators indicated that a portion of the activators interacts with the fluorophore through pi-stacking, while the portion inserts into the cavity or interacts with the Rossmann fold, thus increasing the substrate affinity. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of SIRT1 activation and may aid the design of novel SIRT1 activators.
The present invention relates generally to nitro-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[e]indoles and related analogues, to their preparation, and to their use as hypoxia-selective drugs and radiosensitizers for cancer therapy, both alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.
The present invention relates generally to nitro-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[e]indoles and related analogues, to their preparation, and to their use as hypoxia-selective drugs and radiosensitizers for cancer therapy, both alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.
Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs: Substituent Effects on the Properties of Nitro <i>seco</i>-1,2,9,9a-Tetrahydrocyclopropa[<i>c</i>]benz[<i>e</i>]indol-4-one (nitroCBI) Prodrugs of DNA Minor Groove Alkylating Agents
作者:Moana Tercel、Graham J. Atwell、Shangjin Yang、Ralph J. Stevenson、K. Jane Botting、Maruta Boyd、Eileen Smith、Robert F. Anderson、William A. Denny、William R. Wilson、Frederik B. Pruijn
DOI:10.1021/jm901202b
日期:2009.11.26
Nitrochloromethylbenzindolines (nitroCBIs) are a new class of hypoxia-activated prodrugs for antitumor therapy. The recently reported prototypes undergo hypoxia-selective metabolism to form potent DNA minor groove alkylating agents and are selectively toxic to some but not all hypoxic tumor cell lines. Here we report a series of 31 analogues that bear an extra electron-withdrawing substituent that serves to raise the one-electron reduction potential of the nitroCBI. We identify a subset of compounds, those with a basic side chain and sulfonamide or carboxamide substituent, that have consistently high hypoxic selectivity. The best of these, with a 7-sulfonamide substituent, displays hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios of 275 and 330 in Skov3 and HT29 human tumor cell lines, respectively. This compound (28) is efficiently and selectively metabolized to the corresponding aminoCBI, is selectively cytotoxic tinder hypoxia in all 11 cell lines examined, and demonstrates activity against hypoxic tumor cells in a human tumor xenograft in vivo.