作者:Takeo Kawaguchi、Kozo Ishikawa、Toshinobu Seki、Kazuhiko Juni
DOI:10.1002/jps.2600790616
日期:1990.6
Ten novel ester prodrugs of zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT) were synthesized with aliphatic acids (acetic-stearic), and the enzymatic regeneration of AZT from the prodrugs was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The enzymatic hydrolysis rates of the AZT esters in the presence of mouse enzyme systems (plasma, liver, and intestine, and kidney) were highly dependent on the lengths of the acyl chains
十种齐多夫定的新型酯前药(叠氮胸苷; AZT)与脂肪酸(乙酸硬脂酸)合成,并从体内和体外研究了AZT从前药的酶促再生。在存在小鼠酶系统(血浆,肝,肠和肾)的情况下,AZT酯的酶促水解速率高度依赖于前药的酰基链长度。AZT的癸酸酯或辛酸酯对四种酶系统中的三种显示出最高的反应性。酰基链长度的减少或增加都会导致对酶的反应性降低。将齐多夫定(AZT)和其中的三种前药(醋酸盐,癸酸盐和硬脂酸盐)腹膜内给药于小鼠,并测量血浆AZT和相应的前药的浓度。醋酸盐给药后血浆中的AZT浓度迅速下降,半衰期为14.5分钟。这种趋势类似于直接AZT给药所显示的趋势。另一方面,投予癸酸盐或硬脂酸盐后的浓度缓慢下降,并在给药后维持长达4小时。除乙酸盐外,给药前药后血浆中的前药浓度均在检测极限(0.01微克/ mL)以下。血浆中无癸酸盐和硬脂酸盐可归因于酯衍生物的高疏水性或有利的组织分布。服用海藻酸盐或硬脂酸盐后的浓度缓