在本研究中,我们着手基于吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶支架合理优化PKD抑制剂。本研究的先导化合物是 1-NM-PP1,我们和其他人之前发现它可以抑制 PKD。在我们的筛选中,我们鉴定出一种化合物 (3-IN-PP1),其效力比 1-NM-PP1 提高 10 倍,为对吡唑并显示敏感性的激酶的特定蛋白激酶抑制剂开辟了新的可能性[3,4- d ]嘧啶衍生的化合物。有趣的是,观察到的 SAR 与通常观察到的结合模式并不完全一致,其中吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶化合物以与 PKD 天然配体 ATP 类似的方式结合。因此,我们建议采用另一种结合模式,其中化合物翻转 180 度。这种基于吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶的化合物的可能的替代结合模式可以为用于对吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶敏感的激酶的新型特异性蛋白激酶抑制剂铺平道路。
在本研究中,我们着手基于吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶支架合理优化PKD抑制剂。本研究的先导化合物是 1-NM-PP1,我们和其他人之前发现它可以抑制 PKD。在我们的筛选中,我们鉴定出一种化合物 (3-IN-PP1),其效力比 1-NM-PP1 提高 10 倍,为对吡唑并显示敏感性的激酶的特定蛋白激酶抑制剂开辟了新的可能性[3,4- d ]嘧啶衍生的化合物。有趣的是,观察到的 SAR 与通常观察到的结合模式并不完全一致,其中吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶化合物以与 PKD 天然配体 ATP 类似的方式结合。因此,我们建议采用另一种结合模式,其中化合物翻转 180 度。这种基于吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶的化合物的可能的替代结合模式可以为用于对吡唑并[3,4- d ]嘧啶敏感的激酶的新型特异性蛋白激酶抑制剂铺平道路。
Optimizing Small Molecule Inhibitors of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 to Prevent Infection by Toxoplasma gondii
作者:Sebastian Lourido、Chao Zhang、Michael S. Lopez、Keliang Tang、Jennifer Barks、Qiuling Wang、Scott A. Wildman、Kevan M. Shokat、L. David Sibley
DOI:10.1021/jm4001314
日期:2013.4.11
Toxoplasma gondii is sensitive to bulky pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP) inhibitors due to the presence of a Gly gatekeeper in the essential calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1). Here we synthesized a number of new derivatives of 3-methyl-benzyl-PP (3-MB-PP, or 1). The potency of PP analogues in inhibiting CDPK1 enzyme activity in vitro (low nM IC50 values) and blocking parasite growth in host cell monolayers in vivo (low mu M EC50 values) were highly correlated and occurred in a CDPK1-specific manner. Chemical modification of the PP scaffold to increase half-life in the presence of microsomes in vitro led to identification of compounds with enhanced stability while retaining activity. Several of these more potent compounds were able to prevent lethal infection with T. gondii in the mouse model. Collectively, the strategies outlined here provide a route for development of more effective compounds for treatment of toxoplasmosis and perhaps related parasitic diseases.
Generation of Monospecific Nanomolar Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors via a Chemical Genetic Approach
作者:Anthony C. Bishop、Chi-yun Kung、Kavita Shah、Laurie Witucki、Kevan M. Shokat、Yi Liu
DOI:10.1021/ja983267v
日期:1999.2.1
Selective protein kinase inhibitors are highly sought after as tools for studying cellular signal transduction cascades, yet few have been discovered due to the highly conserved fold of kinase catalytic domains. Through a combination of small molecule synthesis and protein mutagenesis, a highly potent (IC50 = 1.5 nM) and uniquely specific inhibitor (4-amino-1-tert-butyl-3-(1'-naphthyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) of a rationally engineered v-Src tyrosine kinase (Ile338Gly v-Src) has been identified. Both the potency and specificity of this compound surpass those of any known Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The molecule strongly inhibits the engineered v-Src in whole cells but does not inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation in cells that express only wild-type tyrosine kinases. In addition, the inhibitor selectively disrupts transformation in cells that express the target v-Src. The structural degeneracy of kinase active sites should allow the same complementary inhibitor/protein design strategy to be widely applicable across this entire enzyme superfamily.