Pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acids as Endothelin Antagonists. 4. Side Chain Conformational Restriction Leads to ETB Selectivity
摘要:
When the dialkylacetamide side chain of the ETA-selective antagonist ABT-627 is replaced with a 2,6-dialkylacetanilide, the resultant analogues show a complete reversal of receptor selectivity, preferring ETB over ETA. By optimizing the aniline substitution pattern, as well as the alkoxy group on the 2-aryl substituent, it is possible to prepare antagonists with subnanomolar affinity for ETB and with selectivities in excess of 4000-fold. A number of these compounds also show promising pharmacokinetic profiles; a useful balance of properties is found in A-192621 (38). Pharmacology studies with A-192621 serve to reveal the role of the ETB receptor in modulating blood pressure; the observed hypertensive response to persistent ETB blockade is consistent with previous postulates and indicates that ETB-selective antagonists may not be suitable as agents for long-term systemic therapy.
Design, Synthesis, and Activity of a Series of Pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid-Based, Highly Specific, Orally Active ETB Antagonists Containing a Diphenylmethylamine Acetamide Side Chain
摘要:
The endothelin (ET)-B receptor subtype is expressed on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and mediates both vasodilation and vasoconstriction. On the basis of the pharmacophore of the previously reported ETA-specific antagonist 1, (ABT-627), we are reporting the discovery of a novel series of highly specific, orally active ETB receptor antagonists. Replacing the dibutylaminoacetamide group of 1 with a diphenylmethylaminoacetamide group resulted in antagonist 2 with a complete reversal of receptor specificity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that ortho-alkylation of the phenyl rings could further increase ETB affinity and also boost the ETA/ETB activity ratio of the resulting antagonists. A similar antagonism selectivity profile could also be achieved when one of the phenyl rings of the acetamide side chain was replaced with an alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group,(10h). Combining these features with modification of the a-aryl group of the pyrrolidine core, we have identified a potent antagonist (9k, A-308165) with over 27 000-fold selectivity favoring the ETB receptor and an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile (F = 24%) in rats.