Synthesis, Pharmacology, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Novel Imidazolones and Pyrrolones as Modulators of GABAA Receptors
摘要:
New series of imidazolones and pyrrolones were synthesized. The compounds were tested regarding their anxiolytic properties due to modulation of the GABA(A) receptor response. Several derivatives exhibit considerable pharmacological activity while lacking the typical side effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-morpholin-1-yl-1,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-one (2) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-piperidin-1-yl-1,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-one (3) were protective in the pentylenetetrazole test in rats with oral ED50 of 27.4 and 12.8 mg/kg and TD50 (rotarod) of > 500 and 265 mg/kg, respectively. The minimum effective dose in the Vogel conflict test was 3 mg/kg for both compounds. Common structure-activity relationship and comparative molecular field analysis models of the various series of derivatives could be established which are in accordance with a GABAA mediated pharmacological action. The findings fit well into an established pharmacophore model. This model is refined by an additional steric restriction feature.
The highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed propargylic amination of propargylic esters with amine hydrochloride salts has been realized for the first time using copper salts with chiral N,N,P-ligands. This method features a broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance, generating propargylic amines in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The utility
of feedstock amines remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we have developed a general, mild, and photoinduced transition-metal- and strong-base-free method for α-C(sp3)–H borylation of amines. This protocol features a regioselective 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer process to access key α-aminoalkyl radical intermediate using commercially available easy-to-install/remove iodobenzoyl radical translocating