Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of β‐Enaminonitriles in the Presence of Base
摘要:
Application of ultrasound shows significant rate enhancement for the synthesis of beta-enaminonitriles in the presence of base. The role of various homogeneous and heterogeneous bases/solvents was also studied for the reaction, and potassium t-butoxide/t-butyl alcohol combination was found to give the best result at room temperature.
Method for Producing (Electro) Luminescent, Photoactive or Electrically (Semi) Conducting Polymers
申请人:Rehahn Matthias
公开号:US20130065358A1
公开(公告)日:2013-03-14
The invention concerns the production of poly(arylene-vinylenes) and related polymers whose polymerization is triggered photochemically. For that purpose, the low molecular starting materials are firstly cooled to temperatures which are so low that in fact their activation into mostly chinoid intermediate stages (the “active” monomer) occurs; the thermally induced polymerization, however, either does not occur or barely takes place at all. The polymerization is instead triggered in a separate step by means of electromagnetic radiation of a suitable wavelength—either using the absorption behavior of the low-molecular starting compounds/the monomers, or mediated by means of photoinitiators and/or sensitizers.
By way of example, with this method a display is suitable to be coated with poly(arylene-vinylenes). The monomer is hereby deposited. The polymer is subsequently produced in a photo-induced manner. The remaining monomer is washed out. The process takes place at low temperatures.