七、八、九溴联苯混合物 | 27858-07-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 七、八、九溴联苯混合物
• 中文别名: 八溴联苯混合物(7'8'9)；七、八、九溴联苯混合物；八溴联苯混合物
• 英文名称: Tetrabromo(tetrabromophenyl)benzene
• 英文别名: 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(2,3,4-tribromophenyl)benzene
• CAS: 27858-07-7
• 化学式: C₁₂H₂Br₈
• 分子量: 785.4
• InChiKey: NDRKXFLZSRHAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  225°C
• 沸点：
  554.44°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  3.5838 (rough estimate)
• 颜色/状态：
  White solid
• 溶解度：
  In water, 20-30 ug/kg at 25 °C
• 蒸汽压力：
  7X10-11 mm Hg at 28 °C
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  9.1
• 重原子数：
  20
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

被八溴联苯污染食物饲养的鲑鱼（Salmo salar）体内除了含有八溴联苯外，还含有未知的五溴、六溴和七溴联苯。目前尚不清楚这些部分去溴的联苯是由鱼产生的，还是由相关的微生物群产生的。

Fish (Salmo salar) fed octabromobiphenyl-contaminated food contained unidentified penta-, hexa-, and heptabromobiphenyls in addition to the octabromo biphenyls. It was not known whether the partially debrominated biphenyls were generated by the fish, or by the associated microflora.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

多溴联苯（PBBs）可以通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收。由于它们的亲脂性，尤其是高溴代的多溴联苯，倾向于在富含脂质的组织中积累，如肝脏、脂肪、皮肤和母乳。某些多溴联苯化合物通过由苯巴比妥诱导的细胞色素P-450类型的微粒体单加氧酶系统进行代谢。代谢速率可能取决于溴取代模式。低溴含量的多溴联苯同系物转化为主要在尿液中排出的羟基衍生物。高溴代同系物要么被保留，要么在粪便中不变排出。(L628)

PBBs can be absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Due to their lipophilic nature, PBBs, especially the highly brominated congeners, tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues such as the liver, adipose, skin, and breast milk. Certain PBB compounds are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 of the type induced by phenobarbital. The rate of metabolism may depends on the bromine substitution pattern. PBB congeners of low bromine content are transformed into hydroxylated derivatives that are predominately eliminated in the urine. Highly brominated congeners are either retained or excreted unchanged in the feces. (L628)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

多氯联苯（PBBs）的毒性机制因具体同系物而异。主要的相互作用被认为是涉及芳基烃受体（AhR）。PBBs与AhR结合并激活它，进而启动一系列基因的转录上调，影响生化途径和内分泌途径、细胞周期调节、形态发生、氧化应激反应以及各种其他过程。这导致PBBs特有的多种毒性反应。一些已知的诱导基因包括细胞色素P-450依赖性单加氧酶CYP1A1和CYP1A2。

The exact mechanism of toxicty of PBBs varies depending on the specific congener. The predominant interaction is believed to involve the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). PBBs bind to and activate the AhR, which in turn initiates the transcriptional upregulation of a number of genes, affecting biochemical and endocrine pathways, cell cycle regulation, morphogenesis, oxidative stress response, and various other processes. This results in the numerous toxic responses characteristic of PBBs. Some of the known induced genes include the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. (L628)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

2A，可能对人类致癌。（L135）

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

PBB暴露可能会导致体重减轻、皮肤问题（如痤疮）、对神经和免疫系统的影响，以及对肝脏、肾脏和甲状腺的影响。

PBB exposure may cause weight loss, skin disorders (such as acne), nervous and immune systems effects, and effects on the liver, kidneys, and thyroid gland. (L628)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L628）；吸入（L628）；皮肤给药（L628）

Oral (L628) ; inhalation (L628) ; dermal (L628)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

PBB暴露的症状可能包括恶心、腹痛、食欲不振、关节痛、疲劳和虚弱。

Symptoms of PBB exposure may include nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, joint pain, fatigue, and weakness. (L629)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在大鼠连续暴露于商业八溴联苯混合物15周后，在其肝脏和脂肪组织中发现了溴浓度升高，这表明已经发生了吸收。/商业混合物/

...Increased bromine concentrations were found in the liver and adipose tissue of rats exposed continuously to a commercial mixture of octabromobiphenyl for 15 weeks, suggesting that absorption had occurred. /Commercial mixture/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

老鼠被喂食含有1、10、100或1000 ppm八溴联苯的饮食2或4周后，在脂肪、肝脏和肌肉中显示出与剂量相关的溴积累，水平超过10 ppm。肌肉中的水平比脂肪和肝脏低3-4倍。...在用10 ppm处理的18周后，脂肪、肝脏和肌肉中的溴水平分别比对照组的溴水平高出约11、1.5和2.4倍。在用1000 ppm处理的18周后，脂肪、肝脏和肌肉中的溴水平分别比对照组的水平高出约800、9、27倍。

Rats being fed diets containing 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm octabromobiphenyl for 2 or 4 weeks showed dose-related accumulation of bromine in fat, liver, and muscle at levels > 10 ppm. Levels in the muscles were 3-4 times lower than that in the fat and liver. ... At 18 weeks after treatment with 10 ppm, bromine levels in the fat, liver, and muscle were ~11, 1.5, and 2.4 times higher, respectively, than levels of bromine in these tissues from controls. At 18 weeks after treatment with 1000 ppm, bromine levels in the fat, liver, and muscle were ~ 800, 9, 27 times higher than the control levels respectively.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

与六溴联苯同类物质的高吸收率相比，一种商业八溴联苯混合物（含45.2%的八溴、47%的九溴、5.7%的十溴和1.8%的七溴）在给予大鼠单次剂量1 mg/kg后，似乎吸收效果较差。在给药后的前24小时内，有61.9%的剂量在粪便中被发现。这表明至少有38.1%的剂量被吸收，但由于胆汁排泄的可能，实际吸收率可能更高。/商业混合物/

In contrast with the high absorption rate for the hexabromobiphenyl congener, a commercial octabromobiphenyl mixture (45.2% octa, 47% nona, 5.7% deca, 1.8% hepta) appeared to be less well absorbed by rats after administration of a single dose of 1 mg/kg. Within the first 24 hours after dosing, 61.9% of the dose was found in the feces. This indicates that at least 38.1% of the dose was absorbed, but absorption may have been higher, since biliary excretion may have occurred. /Commercial mixture/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

连续15周暴露于商业八溴联苯混合物（33%八溴、60%九溴、6%十溴、1%七溴）蒸气的大鼠，其肝脏和脂肪组织中的溴化物浓度增加（平衡时空气中八溴联苯浓度为3.5皮克/升）。与对照组相比，肝脏和脂肪中的溴化物浓度分别增加了39%和100%；肌肉中的溴化物浓度未受到处理的影响。/商业混合物/

Increased bromide concentrations were observed in the liver and adipose tissue of rats exposed continuously to vapors of a commercial octabromobiphenyl mixture (33% octa, 60% nona, 6% deca, 1% hepta) (3.5 pg octabromobiphenyl/L air at equilibrium) for 15 weeks. Relative to controls, the concentration of bromide in liver and fat was increased by 39 and 100%, respectively; bromide concentration in skeletal muscle was not affected by treatment. /Commercial mixture/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  9
• 包装等级：
  II

文献信息

• FLAME RETARDANT POLYURETHANES AND POLYISOCYANURATES, AND ADDITIVES THEREFOR
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030153656A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-08-14

  A free-flowing, stable liquid flame retardant mixture comprised of or formed by mixing together components comprised of: A) tetrabromobisphenol-A; B) at least one liquid ester of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus; and C) at least one additional organic halogen-containing reactive flame retardant where the halogen is chlorine or bromine or both. Such mixtures can be effectively used in the preparation of flame-retardant polyurethanes including rigid polyurethane foams. It is preferable to include one or more liquid esters of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus in the liquid flame retardant mixture. C) is preferably at least one diester/diol of tetrabromophthalic anhydride, especially a mixed ester of tetrabromophthalic anhydride with diethylene glycol and propylene glycol, which by itself is a relatively viscous substance.

  一种由以下组分混合而成的自由流动、稳定的液体阻燃剂混合物：A）四溴双酚A；B）至少一种五价磷酸的液态酯；以及C）至少一种含有卤素（氯或溴或两者）的有机卤素反应性阻燃剂。这种混合物可有效地用于制备阻燃聚氨酯，包括硬质聚氨酯泡沫。最好在液体阻燃剂混合物中包含一种或多种五价磷酸的液态酯。C）最好是至少一种四溴邻苯二酐的二酯/二醇，特别是四溴邻苯二酐与二乙二醇和丙二醇的混合酯，它本身是一种相对粘稠的物质。
• Microcellular heterocyclic polymer structures
  申请人：EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

  公开号：EP0038885A1

  公开（公告）日：1981-11-04

  Highly useful novel microcellular polymeric structures, especially films and fibers, are prepared from certain solid polymers. Aromatic polysulfones, polyimides, polyhydantoins, polyamides and polyparabanic acid are the preferred polymers for the novel structures of the invention.

  用某些固体聚合物可以制备出非常有用的新型微孔聚合物结构，特别是薄膜和纤维。芳香族聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚海因、聚酰胺和聚对苯二甲酸是本发明新型结构的首选聚合物。
• Flammwidrige Formmassen auf Basis von Polyethylenterephthalat, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Formkörpern
  申请人：BAYER AG

  公开号：EP0030618A1

  公开（公告）日：1981-06-24

  Formmassen auf Basis von Polyethylenterephthalat, Flammschutzmittel und eines bestimmten Pfropfpolymerisats zeigen eine verminderte Tropfneigung im Brandfall.

  以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、阻燃剂和某种接枝聚合物为基础的模塑化合物在起火时的滴落趋势有所减弱。
• Polyester blend compositions exhibiting suppression of transesterification
  申请人：CELANESE CORPORATION

  公开号：EP0063031A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-10-20

  The present invention provides a non-burning, non-dripping polyester blend composition in which transesterification is suppressed, as indicated by, e.g., improved heat deflection temperature. The composition comprises (a) approximately 35 to 85 percent by weight of a blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate wherein the polyethylene terephthalate comprises approximately 10 to 25 percent by weight of the blend; (b) approximately 5 to 60 percent by weight of a reinforcing agent; (c) approximately 4 to 15 percent by weight of at least one halogen-containing organic flame retardant compound; and (d) approximately 2 to 10 percent by weight of the amorphous non-abrasive reaction product of antimony trioxide, or a compound of antimony which generates antimony trioxide, and a substrate comprising a hydrous compound of silicon in a weight ratio within the range of approximately 1:1 to 1:4, on an antimony trioxide: substrate basis. The composition may further comprise approximately 0.1 to 8 percent by weight of a thermoplastic phenoxy resin and/or approximately 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The amorphous non-abrasive reaction product is preferably the reaction product of antimony trioxide and talc, preferably in a 25:75 or 45:55 weight ratio. A process for suppressing transesterification in glass reinforced, non-burning, non-dripping polyester blend compositions is also disclosed.

  本发明提供了一种不燃烧、不滴落的聚酯共混组合物，其中的酯交换反应受到抑制，例如，热变形温度得到改善。该组合物包括：(a) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯混合物，按重量计约占 35%至 85%，其中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯按重量计约占混合物的 10%至 25%；(b) 增强剂，按重量计约占 5%至 60%；(c) 至少一种含卤素的有机阻燃化合物，约占 4%至 15%（重量比）；以及 (d) 三氧化锑或生成三氧化锑的锑化合物的无定形非磨蚀性反应产物，约占 2%至 10%（重量比）：1至1:4。该组合物可进一步包含约 0.1%至 8%（重量百分比）的热塑性苯氧基树脂和/或约 0.5%至 2.5%（重量百分比）的聚四氟乙烯树脂。无定形非磨蚀性反应产物最好是三氧化二锑和滑石的反应产物，重量比最好为 25:75 或 45:55。此外，还公开了一种抑制玻璃纤维增强、不燃烧、不滴落的聚酯混合物中的酯交换反应的工艺。
• Method of enhancing flammability resistance of polyparabanic acid films by the addition of copper chelates and films thus formed
  申请人：EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

  公开号：EP0050410A1

  公开（公告）日：1982-04-28

  Thin films from 0.025 to 0.127 mm thick of poly (parabanic acid) (PPA-M form) containing halogenate flame retardants have the flame retardancy enhanced by the addition of small amounts (generally about 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent) of a copper chelate compound. Copper chelate compounds alone will also enhance the flame retardancy of poly (parabanic acid) film.

  含有卤素阻燃剂的 0.025 至 0.127 毫米厚的聚（对位芳酸）（PPA-M 型）薄膜，可通过添加少量（一般约 0.1 至 3.0 重量百分比）铜螯合物来增强阻燃性。 仅铜螯合物也可增强聚（对位芳酸）薄膜的阻燃性。