三氯化金 | 13453-07-1

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 三氯化金
• 中文别名: 氯化金(III)；氯化金；无水氯化金
• 英文名称: gold(III) chloride
• 英文别名: Aurum muriaticum [hpus]；gold(3+);trichloride
• CAS: 13453-07-1
• 化学式: AuCl₃
• 分子量: 303.326
• InChiKey: RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  254°C
• 沸点：
  265 °C
• 密度：
  3.9 g/mL at 25 °C
• 溶解度：
  DMSO（微溶）、甲醇（微溶）
• 稳定性/保质期：

  常温常压下，该物质是稳定的。

  应避免与氧化物和胺接触。

  AuCl3具有吸湿性，在水中会溶解生成H2( O)；在酸性液体中相对稳定。它可以溶于乙醇或乙醚。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.07
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

毒理性

• 副作用

Dermatotoxin - 皮肤烧伤。

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S37/39
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  28433000
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3260 8
• RTECS号：
  MD5420000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  8
• 危险标志：
  GHS07
• 危险性描述：
  H315,H319,H335
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P305 + P351 + P338
• 储存条件：
  常温密闭保存，置于阴凉、通风、干燥处。

SDS

Name:	Gold (III) Chloride 99% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Auric Chloride; Auric Trichloride; Gold Trichloride
CAS:	13453-07-1

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Gold (III) Chloride 99% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:Auric Chloride; Auric Trichloride; Gold Trichloride

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
13453-07-1	Gold (III) Chloride	99%	236-623-1

Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases: 36/37/38

---

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).Light sensitive.The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye irritation. May cause chemical conjunctivitis.
Skin:
Causes skin irritation.
Ingestion:
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Inhalation:
Causes respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. Can produce delayed pulmonary edema.
Chronic:
Effects may be delayed. Adverse reproductive effects have been reported in animals.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion:
Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.

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Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing Media:
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions.
Provide ventilation.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation.
Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Store protected from light. Wash clothing before reuse.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Store protected from moisture.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 13453-07-1: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Powder
Color: brown - gold
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 254 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water:
Specific Gravity/Density:
Molecular Formula: AuCl3
Molecular Weight: 303.32

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Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light, dust generation, excess heat, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Moisture, ammonia, amines.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, oxides of chlorine.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 13453-07-1: MD5420000 LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Gold (III) Chloride - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
IMO
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing Group:
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: Not regulated.
Hazard Class:
UN Number:
Packing group:

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases:
R 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system
and skin.
Safety Phrases:
S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water.
S 37 Wear suitable gloves.
S 37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face
protection.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 13453-07-1: 2
Canada
CAS# 13453-07-1 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 13453-07-1 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 13453-07-1 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

概述

氯化金为金黄色结晶，极易吸湿潮解。在溶液中加入冷的氢氧化钾，可生成桔红色的氢氧化金沉淀（Au(OH)₃）。遇见能供给电子对的离子，如 Cl⁻ 或 CN⁻，则可形成 [AuCl₄]⁻ 和 [Au(CN)₄]⁻ 配离子。它主要用于镀金业、照相业及多种含金化合物制造行业，是生产其他精细化工产品的关键原料。

三氯化金

三氯化金又称“氯化金”，化学式为 AuCl₃，分子量303.33，呈黄色或红宝石色晶体，易潮解，相对密度为3.9，在265℃时升华。它易溶于冷水，水溶液显强酸性，并可溶于乙醇、乙醚，稍溶于氨和三氯甲烷，不溶于CS₂。加热至254℃会分解。溶解在盐酸中会产生金黄色针状晶体的氯金酸（HAuCl₄·4H₂O）。三氯化金可通过将金与王水反应或用过量氯气在200℃条件下与金反应制得，用于摄影术、镀金、特种墨水、药物制造、瓷金和红玻璃等。

亚硫酸盐镀金工艺

三氯化金是亚硫酸盐镀金工艺中的主盐。此工艺采用的非氰化物镀液无毒且分散能力强，覆盖能力好，阴极电流效率高，沉积速度快。镀层结晶光亮细致、孔隙少，并与铜、银、镍等基体金属或中间镀层结合力佳。亚硫酸镀金工艺是一种有工业价值的无氰电镀金技术。

在生产中常使用三氯化金（AuCl₃）配制镀液。配制时，将三氯化金用蒸馏水溶解，在冷却条件下（少量配制可用流动水冷却，大量配制则需冰盐水冷却），然后缓慢加入40%左右的氢氧化钾溶液至pH值为7～8，生成血红色透明的氯金酸钾(KAuCl₄)溶液。再将此溶液慢慢倒入亚硫酸铵或亚硫酸钠溶液中，先得淡黄色透明溶液，加热至55～60℃并不断搅拌，可得到无色透明的亚硫酸金铵或亚硫酸金钠溶液。相关反应方程式如下：

1. AuCl₃ + 3(NH₄)₂SO₃ + 2KOH → (NH₄)₃[Au(SO₃)₂] + NH₄Cl + 2KCl + H₂O + (NH₄)₂SO₄
2. AuCl₃ + 3Na₂SO₃ + 2KOH → Na₃[Au(SO₃)₂] + NaCl + 2KCl + H₂O + Na₂SO₄

水中溶解度（g/100ml）

每100毫升水中溶于20℃的三氯化金量为68克。

用途

已通过配体诱导并使用硼氢化钠还原的 AuCl₃ 制备了胶体金溶液中的纳米晶超晶格。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  三氯化金 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 氯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Wahl, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1913, vol. 88, p. 354 - 354

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  金 在 copper dichloride 作用下， 以 盐酸 为溶剂， 生成 三氯化金
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Stoken, H. N., Economic Geology, 1906, vol. 1, p. 644 - 650

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  Methyl 3-acetyloxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoate 在 三氯化金 、 二异丁基氢化铝 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 环己烷 为溶剂， 反应 0.75h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  一种新型的烯丙基转移与Glob碎片耦合。

  摘要：

  公开了一种新型的酸促进的重排。在以前未知的转化中，烯丙基迁移到原位形成的碳阳离子，该碳阳离子被富电子的芳基或杂芳基稳定化，导致立体选择性分子内Grob断裂。可以使用工作假设在六元过渡态的帮助下令人满意地合理化在一系列底物上观察到的重排结果，该六元过渡态与针对阴离子氧基-Cope或氧代-Cope重排所建议的那些相似。两个双键。

  DOI：

  10.1002/asia.201500728

文献信息

• Synthesis and molecular structure of [Au4Cl8], and the isolation of [Pt(CO)Cl5]? in thionyl chloride
  作者：Daniela Belli Dell'Amico、Fausto Calderazzo、Fabio Marchetti、Stefano Merlino

  DOI：10.1039/dt9820002257

  日期：——

  A high-yield synthesis of [Au4Cl8] by treatment of [Au2Cl6] with the stoicheiometric amount of CO in COCl2 is described. The crystal and molecular structure of the tetranuclear compound has been solved by X-ray diffraction methods. It is triclinic, space group P, with a = 7.015(4), b= 6.830(2), c= 6.684(4)Å, α= 94.4(1), β= 107.5(1), γ= 88.4(1)°, and Z= 1, and has been refined to R= 0.11 for 989 ‘ observed

  描述了通过用化学计量量的CO在COCl 2中处理[Au 2 Cl 6 ]来高产率地合成[Au 4 Cl 8 ] 。四核化合物的晶体和分子结构已经通过X射线衍射法解决。它是三斜的，空间群P，a = 7.015（4），b = 6.830（2），c = 6.684（4）Å，α= 94.4（1），β= 107.5（1），γ= 88.4（1） ）°，Z = 1，对于989'观察到的'反射已细化为R = 0.11。该结构由具有方形金的离散[Au 4 Cl 8 ]分子组成（III）和几乎线性的金（I）排列成椅子状。该固体化合物对CO具有很高的反应活性。铂（IV）衍生物[Pt（CO）Cl 5 ] -已从[Pt（CO）Cl 3 ] -与氯反应的SOCl 2中分离出。
• Reductive carbonylation of gold(III) chloride
  作者：Daniela Belli Dell'Amico、Fausto Calderazzo、Fabio Marchetti

  DOI：10.1039/dt9760001829

  日期：——

  The reaction of anhydrous AuCl3 with CO in thionyl chloride gives [Au(CO)Cl] in substantially quantitative yields. The reaction takes place via the intermediate formation of a soluble carbonyl species which has been characterised spectroscopically and is believed to be a mixed-valence carbonyl complex of formula [Au2(CO)Cl4]. Under nitrogen or argon, AuCl3 and [Au(CO)Cl] give an insoluble microcrystalline

  无水AuCl 3与CO在亚硫酰氯中的反应以基本上定量的产率得到[Au（CO）Cl]。该反应是通过中间形成可溶性羰基物质进行的，该中间体已通过光谱表征，并被认为是式[Au 2（CO）Cl 4 ]的混合价羰基配合物。在氮气或氩气下，AuCl 3和[Au（CO）Cl]生成分析式AuCl 2的不溶微晶物质，其进一步与CO反应生成[Au（CO）Cl]。
• Size- and Shape-Selective Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals and Nanowires Using CO as a Reducing Agent
  作者：Yijin Kang、Xingchen Ye、Christopher B. Murray

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201003383

  日期：2010.8.16

  Putting the pedal to the metal: A facile strategy for the synthesis of metal nanocrystals is demonstrated that employs carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. Highly monodisperse platinum nanocubes, spherical palladium nanocrystals, and ultrathin gold nanowires can be produced within 15 minutes.

  踩踏金属：证明了一种使用一氧化碳作为还原剂的合成金属纳米晶体的简便策略。高度单分散的铂纳米立方体，球形钯纳米晶体和超薄金纳米线可以在15分钟内生产。
• Organogold chemistry II. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)gold(III)
  作者：Lawrence G. Vaughan、William A. Sheppard

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(00)87733-5

  日期：1970.5

  Tris(pentafluorophenyl)gold(III) (I) has been prepared as a stable compound in ether solution at room temperature and has been characterized as the triphenylphosphine adduct (II). Attempted isolation of (I) gave metallic gold and decafluorobiphenyl. The 19F NMR spectrum of (II) is analyzed in terms of structure and electronic properties and compared to similar measurements on the gold(I) derivatives.

  三（五氟苯基）金（III）（I）已在室温下制备为在乙醚溶液中稳定的化合物，并已表征为三苯基膦加合物（II）。尝试分离（I）得到金属金和十氟联苯。（II）的19 F NMR光谱在结构和电子性质方面进行了分析，并与金（I）衍生物的相似测量值进行了比较。
• Developing Transition-Metal Catalysts for the Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes
  作者：Thomas E. Müller、Manja Grosche、Eberhardt Herdtweck、Anna-Katharina Pleier、Erik Walter、Yaw-Kai Yan

  DOI：10.1021/om9906013

  日期：2000.1.1

  Group 7−12 transition-metal complexes serve as effective catalysts for the regioselective intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes having the general formula RC⋮C(CH2)nNH2 (n = 3, R = H, Ph; n = 4, R = H) and of 2-(phenylethynyl)aniline. Primary products are pyrrolidines and piperidines bearing an α-alkylidene functionality and 2-phenylindole, respectively. Isomerization yields the corresponding

  7-12族过渡金属配合物可有效催化通式为RC⋮C（CH 2）n NH 2（n = 3，R = H，Ph; n的氨基炔烃的区域选择性分子内胺化反应）＝ 4，R ＝ H）和2-（苯基乙炔基）苯胺。主要产物是分别带有α-亚烷基官能团的吡咯烷和哌啶和2-苯基吲哚。异构化产生相应的吡咯啉和1，2-脱氢哌啶。过渡金属配合物的催化性能取决于配体，溶剂，温度和抗衡阴离子的合适的选择。提出了确定用于炔烃加氢胺化的最活性过渡金属催化剂和优化反应条件的原理。已确定一种催化剂[PdCl（triphos）]（CF 3 SO 3）的X射线晶体结构。