This invention pertains generally to the field of chemical synthesis and purification, and more specifically to methods of synthesis and/or purification of certain 3,7 diamino-phenothiazin-5-ium compounds (referred to herein as “diaminophenothiazinium compounds”) including Methylthioninium Chloride (MTC) (also known as Methylene Blue). The present invention also pertains to the resulting (high purity) compounds, compositions comprising them (e.g., tablets, capsules), and their use in methods of inactivating pathogens, and methods of medical treatment, prophylaxis, and diagnosis, etc., for example, a tauopathy; a disease of tau protein aggregation; Alzheimer's disease (AD); Pick's disease; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP); fronto temporal dementia (FTD); parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17); disinhibition-dementia-parkinsonism-amyotrophy complex (DDPAC); pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND); Guam-ALS syndrome; pallido-nigro-luysian degeneration (PNLD); cortico-basal degeneration (CBD); mild cognitive impairment (MCI); skin cancer; melanoma; methemoglobinemia; a viral infection; a bacterial infection; a protozoal infection; a parasitic infection; malaria; visceral leishmaniasis; African sleeping sickness; toxoplasmosis; giardiasis; Chagas' disease; Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; West Nile virus (WNV) infection; a synucleinopathy; Parkinson's disease (PD); dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB); multiple system atrophy (MSA); drug-induced parkinsonism; and pure autonomic failure (PAF).
本发明通常涉及
化学合成和纯化领域,更具体地涉及某些3,7-二
氨基苯并
噻嗪-5-ium化合物(以下简称“二
氨基苯并
噻嗪化合物”)的合成和/或纯化方法,包括
氯甲
亚胺蓝(
MTC)(也称
亚甲蓝)。本发明还涉及所得的(高纯度)化合物,包括它们的组合物(例如,片剂,胶囊),以及它们在灭活病原体,医学治疗,预防,诊断等方面的应用,例如tau蛋白聚集病,tau蛋白聚集病的疾病,阿尔茨海默病(AD),皮克氏病,进行性核上性麻痹(P
SP),额颞型痴呆(FTD),与染色体17相关的帕
金森病(FTDP-17),去抑制痴呆帕
金森氏-肌萎缩综合征(DD
PAC),苍白球-桥-黑质退行(P
PND),关岛-肌萎缩侧索硬化综合症,苍白-黑-路易斯退化症(
PNLD),皮质基底节退化(CBD),轻度认知障碍(MCI),皮肤癌,
黑色素瘤,高
铁血红蛋白血症,病毒感染,细菌感染,原虫感染,寄生虫感染,疟疾,内脏利什曼病,非洲睡眠病,弓形虫病,贾第虫病,丙肝病毒(HCV)感染,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,西尼罗河病毒(WNV)感染,突触蛋白病,帕
金森病(PD),带有Lewy小体的痴呆(DLB),多系统萎缩症(M
SA),药物诱导的帕
金森症,以及纯自主神经功能衰竭(PAF)。