N1(2-carboxyethyl)biguanide

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氮化合物
• 英文名称: N1(2-carboxyethyl)biguanide
• 英文别名: 3-[[amino-(diaminomethylideneamino)methylidene]amino]propanoic Acid
• 化学式: C₅H₁₁N₅O₂
• 分子量: 173.175
• InChiKey: DDLCHINUSPNABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.3
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.4
• 拓扑面积：
  140
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  3

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乙醇 、 N1(2-carboxyethyl)biguanide 在 乙酰氯 作用下， 反应 20.0h， 以96%的产率得到Ethyl 3-[[amino-(diaminomethylideneamino)methylidene]amino]propanoate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminoguanidine and Diaminoguanidine Analogues of the Antidiabetic/Antiobesity Agent 3-Guanidinopropionic Acid

  摘要：

  3-Guanidinopropionic acid (1) has been demonstrated both to improve insulin sensitivity and to promote weight loss selectively from adipose tissue in animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, 1 has also been shown to be a substrate for both the creatine transporter and creatine kinase, leading to marked accumulation in muscle tissue as the corresponding N-phosphate. The corresponding aminoguanidine analogue 2 was recently discovered to retain the antidiabetic activity of 1 while being markedly less susceptible to creatine-like metabolism, suggesting that it should have less potential to accumulate in muscle. Further structural modification of 2 was undertaken to investigate whether the antidiabetic potency could be augmented while maintaining resistance to creatine-like metabolism. Modifications such as a-alkylation, homologation, and bioisosteric replacement of the aminoguanidine all were detrimental to antidiabetic activity. However, the simple regioisomeric aminoguanidinoacetic acid 9 and diaminoguanidinoacetic acid-analogue 7 were found to be equipotent to 2, leading eventually to the discovery of the significantly more potent diaminoguanidinoacetic acid regioisomers 52 and 53. Further attempts to modify the more active template represented by 52 led only to reductions in; antidiabetic activity. Each of the new active analogues displayed the same resistance to creatine-like metabolism as 2. Further testing of 7, 9, and 53 in obese diabetic ob;lob mice confirmed that weight loss is induced selectively from adipose tissue, similar to the lead 1. Administration of 53 to insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys led to reductions in both fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels with concomitant reductions in plasma insulin levels, suggesting that the compound improved the action of endogenous insulin. Compounds 7 and 53 were selected for further preclinical development.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm000094n
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-carbamimidoyl-2-methyl-isothiourea hydroiodide 、 β-丙氨酸 在 三乙胺 作用下， 以 乙醇 、 水 为溶剂， 反应 12.0h， 以36%的产率得到N1(2-carboxyethyl)biguanide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminoguanidine and Diaminoguanidine Analogues of the Antidiabetic/Antiobesity Agent 3-Guanidinopropionic Acid

  摘要：

  3-Guanidinopropionic acid (1) has been demonstrated both to improve insulin sensitivity and to promote weight loss selectively from adipose tissue in animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, 1 has also been shown to be a substrate for both the creatine transporter and creatine kinase, leading to marked accumulation in muscle tissue as the corresponding N-phosphate. The corresponding aminoguanidine analogue 2 was recently discovered to retain the antidiabetic activity of 1 while being markedly less susceptible to creatine-like metabolism, suggesting that it should have less potential to accumulate in muscle. Further structural modification of 2 was undertaken to investigate whether the antidiabetic potency could be augmented while maintaining resistance to creatine-like metabolism. Modifications such as a-alkylation, homologation, and bioisosteric replacement of the aminoguanidine all were detrimental to antidiabetic activity. However, the simple regioisomeric aminoguanidinoacetic acid 9 and diaminoguanidinoacetic acid-analogue 7 were found to be equipotent to 2, leading eventually to the discovery of the significantly more potent diaminoguanidinoacetic acid regioisomers 52 and 53. Further attempts to modify the more active template represented by 52 led only to reductions in; antidiabetic activity. Each of the new active analogues displayed the same resistance to creatine-like metabolism as 2. Further testing of 7, 9, and 53 in obese diabetic ob;lob mice confirmed that weight loss is induced selectively from adipose tissue, similar to the lead 1. Administration of 53 to insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys led to reductions in both fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels with concomitant reductions in plasma insulin levels, suggesting that the compound improved the action of endogenous insulin. Compounds 7 and 53 were selected for further preclinical development.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm000094n

文献信息

• Saha; Bagchi; Das, Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical and Analytical, <hi>1996</hi>, vol. 35, # 9, p. 784 - 786
  作者：Saha、Bagchi、Das

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aminoguanidine and Diaminoguanidine Analogues of the Antidiabetic/Antiobesity Agent 3-Guanidinopropionic Acid
  作者：Valerie A. Vaillancourt、Scott D. Larsen、Steven P. Tanis、Jeffery E. Burr、Mark A. Connell、Michele M. Cudahy、Bruce R. Evans、Peter V. Fisher、Paul D. May、Martin D. Meglasson、Deborah D. Robinson、F. Craig Stevens、John A. Tucker、Thomas J. Vidmar、Jen H. Yu

  DOI：10.1021/jm000094n

  日期：2001.4.1

  3-Guanidinopropionic acid (1) has been demonstrated both to improve insulin sensitivity and to promote weight loss selectively from adipose tissue in animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, 1 has also been shown to be a substrate for both the creatine transporter and creatine kinase, leading to marked accumulation in muscle tissue as the corresponding N-phosphate. The corresponding aminoguanidine analogue 2 was recently discovered to retain the antidiabetic activity of 1 while being markedly less susceptible to creatine-like metabolism, suggesting that it should have less potential to accumulate in muscle. Further structural modification of 2 was undertaken to investigate whether the antidiabetic potency could be augmented while maintaining resistance to creatine-like metabolism. Modifications such as a-alkylation, homologation, and bioisosteric replacement of the aminoguanidine all were detrimental to antidiabetic activity. However, the simple regioisomeric aminoguanidinoacetic acid 9 and diaminoguanidinoacetic acid-analogue 7 were found to be equipotent to 2, leading eventually to the discovery of the significantly more potent diaminoguanidinoacetic acid regioisomers 52 and 53. Further attempts to modify the more active template represented by 52 led only to reductions in; antidiabetic activity. Each of the new active analogues displayed the same resistance to creatine-like metabolism as 2. Further testing of 7, 9, and 53 in obese diabetic ob;lob mice confirmed that weight loss is induced selectively from adipose tissue, similar to the lead 1. Administration of 53 to insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys led to reductions in both fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels with concomitant reductions in plasma insulin levels, suggesting that the compound improved the action of endogenous insulin. Compounds 7 and 53 were selected for further preclinical development.