Arylamino methylene bisphosphonate derivatives as bone seeking matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
摘要:
The complexity of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) design derives from the difficulty in carefully addressing their inhibitory activity towards the MMP isoforms involved in many pathological conditions. In particular, specific metalloproteinases, such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, are key regulators of the 'vicious cycle' occurring between tumor metastases growth and bone remodeling. In an attempt to devise new approaches to selective inhibitor derivatives, we describe novel bisphosphonate bone seeking MMP inhibitors (BP-MMPIs), capable to be selectively targeted and to overcome undesired side effects of broad spectrum MMPIs.In vitro activity (IC50 values) for each inhibitor was determined against MMP-2, -8, -9 and -14, because of their relevant role in skeletal development and renewal. The results show that BP-MMPIs reached IC50 values of enzymatic inhibition in the low micromolar range. Computational studies, used to rationalize some trends in the observed inhibitory profiles, suggest a possible differential binding mode in MMP-2 that explains the selective inhibition of this isoform.In addition, survival assay was conducted on J774 cell line, a well known model system used to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of BPs for inhibiting bone resorption. The resulting data, confirming the specific activity of BP-MMPIs, and their additional proved propensity to bind hydroxyapatite powder in vitro, suggest a potential use of BP-MMPIs in skeletal malignancies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Using the structure of (3,5-dichlorophenyl)aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid as a lead compound, 25 new phosphonates were synthesized and evaluated as possible inhibitors of Arabidopsis thaliana delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. Derivatives substituted in the phenyl ring retained the inhibitory potential, though to a different extent. On the contrary any variation in the scaffold, i.e., the replacement of the second phosphonate moiety with a hydroxyl or an amino residue, resulted in a significant loss of biological activity. The availability of several structures capable of interfering with the catalytic mechanism in the micromolar to millimolar range allowed a proper structure-activity relationship analysis, leading us to hypothesize about the steric and electronic requirements for maintenance or enhancement of the inhibitory properties. Reversal experiments with suspension cultured cells provided evidence for the occurrence of enzyme inhibition in vivo. Because in higher plants the step catalyzed by P5C reductase is shared by all pathways leading to proline synthesis, these compounds may be exploited for the design of new substances endowed with herbicidal activity.
Di-n-butyl ammonium chlorosulfonate as a highly efficient and recyclable ionic liquid for the synthesis of N-containing bisphosphonates
作者:MudumalaVeeranarayana Reddy、Reddi Mohan Naidu Kalla、Lee Sang Dong、Yeon Tae Jeong
DOI:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.12.021
日期:2015.2
The preparation and description of a novel secondary amine ionic liquid, di-n-butyl ammonium chlorosulfonate, is described. The di-n-butyl ammonium ionic liquid (DBA IL) was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopies, and wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The DBA IL functions as an efficient, environmentally benign, and recyclable catalyst with short reaction times and high catalytic activity for the synthesis of a variety of N-containing bisphosphonates in high yields. Another merit of this ionic liquid shown that the purification of products by non-chromatographic method with good to excellent yields of the desired products. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.