Cycloadditions of Cephalosporins. A Comprehensive Study of the Reaction of Cephalosporin Triflates with Olefins, Acetylenes, and Dienes To Form [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Adducts
作者:Richard L. Elliott、Neville H. Nicholson、Fiona E. Peaker、Andrew K. Takle、Christine M. Richardson、John W. Tyler、Janet White、Michael J. Pearson、Drake S. Eggleston、R. Curtis Haltiwanger
DOI:10.1021/jo970176s
日期:1997.7.1
Novel polycyclic cephalosporins are formed by the reaction of cephalosporin triflates with various unsaturated compounds in the presence of Hunigs base. 2,3-Fused cyclobutane and cyclobutene cephems are obtained with olefins and acetylenes, respectively, whereas [4 + 2] cycloadducts are obtained with furan. The reaction has been rationalized by invoking the intermediacy of a strained 6-membered cyclic allene. The allene undergoes an orbital symmetry allowed concerted (pi)2(8), + (pi)2(a), cycloaddition with olefins and acetylenes and a (pi)4(s) + (pi)2(s) cycloaddition with furan. The regiochemistry of the [2 + 2] cycloadducts is independent of the substitution of the unsaturated component and of the oxidation state of the cephalosporin sulfur atom. However in the case of the [4 + 2] adducts, the sulfur oxidation state determines the regiochemistry of the addition. Carbacephalosporins also participate in this reaction with olefins but require a stronger base such as DBU. Thus the reaction described provides a facile, one-step procedure for the production of a rich variety of novel polycyclic cephalosporins.