申请人:Colgate-Palmolive Company
公开号:EP0367257A1
公开(公告)日:1990-05-09
N-lower alkyl neoalkanamides (N-lower alkyl trialkylacetamides of certain types) of 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the lower alkyl thereof and of 5 to 14 carbon atoms in the neoalkanoyl (or trialkylacetyl) group, e.g., N-methyl- and N-ethyl neodecanamides and N-methyl and N-ethyl neotridecanamides, are new compounds, secondary amides which have insect repellent properties, being especially effective against cockroaches, e.g., the German cockroach. However, they are also useful as repellents for other insects, including American cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ants, and lice. Additionally, they may repel arachnids, such as spiders, ticks and mites. The new neoalkanamides may be synthesized easily, as by reacting a primary lower alkyl amine with a neoalkanoyl halide, e.g. by reacting methyl amine or ethyl amine with neodecanoyl chloride.
The most effective of the described amides for insect repellency are normally liquid and are sufficiently volatile to be detectable in air by insects. They may be applied directly to surfaces to be treated or they may be incorporated in detergent compositions, such as build laundry detergents, floor and wall cleaners, rug cleaners and shampoos, hair shampoos, and liquid and bar soaps, and have been found to be sufficiently substantive to the substrate being washed so as to impart insect repelling properties to it. They may be dissolved, dispersed or emulsified (emulsions are considered to be special cases of dispersions) in appropriate liquid media and may be applied to surfaces to be made insect repellent, as by spraying, brushing, wiping or other suitable processes, including "aerosol" spraying from pressurized containers. They have been found to be of long lasting effectiveness, with significant and measurable insect repellency being obtainable for as long as two weeks after application. The described N-lower alkyl neoalkanamides are stable during normal uses, relatively low in manufacturing cost, of high substantivities to substrates, economical to use, unobjectionable in odor to humans, and harmless to humans and animals, and to the environment.
N-低烷基新烷基酰胺(某些类型的 N-低烷基三烷基乙酰胺),其低烷基中含有 1 至 4 个碳原子,新烷酰基(或三烷基乙酰基)中含有 5 至 14 个碳原子,例如 N-甲基和 N-乙基新癸酰胺以及 N-甲基和 N-乙基新十三烷酰胺,是具有驱虫特性的仲酰胺类新化合物,对蟑螂(如德国蟑螂)特别有效。不过,它们也可用作其他昆虫的驱虫剂,包括美洲蟑螂、蚊子、苍蝇、跳蚤、蚂蚁和虱子。此外,它们还可以驱除蜘蛛、扁虱和螨虫等蛛形纲动物。新的新烷酰胺可以很容易地合成,例如通过伯低级烷基胺与新烷酰卤的反应,如通过甲基胺或乙基胺与新癸酰氯的反应。
所述酰胺中最有效的驱虫剂通常是液态的,具有足够的挥发性,昆虫可以在空气中检测到。它们可以直接涂抹在要处理的表面上,也可以加入洗涤剂组合物中,如制造洗衣粉、地板和墙壁清洁剂、地毯清洁剂和洗发水、洗发水、液体和条状肥皂。它们可以在适当的液体介质中溶解、分散或乳化(乳液被认为是分散体的特殊情况),并可以通过喷洒、刷洗、擦拭或其他适当的工艺,包括从加压容器中进行 "气溶胶 "喷洒,涂抹到需要驱虫的表面上。研究发现,这些产品具有持久的驱虫效果,在施用后的两周内都有明显的、可测量的驱虫效果。所述 N-低级烷基新烷酰胺在正常使用过程中性能稳定,制造成本相对较低,对基质的吸附性高,使用经济,对人体无异味,对人类、动物和环境无害。