Ring Closure Reactions of Substituted 4-Pentenyl-1-oxy Radicals. The Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans
摘要:
N-(Alkyloxy)pyridine-2( VT)-thiones 3 and benzenesulfenic acid O-esters 5 have been synthesized from substituted 4-pentenols 1 or the derived tosylates. Compounds 3 and 5 are efficient sources of free alkoxy radicals 6 which undergo synthetically useful fast ring closure reactions 6 --> 8 [k(exo) = (2 +/- 1) x 10(8) s(-1) to (6 +/- 2) x 10(9) s(-1) (T = 30 +/- 0.2 degrees C)]. Tetrahydrofurfuryl radicals 8 can be trapped with, e.g., hydrogen or chlorine atom donors to afford either trans- or cis-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans 10 or 12 depending on the substitution pattern of the 4-pentenyloxy radical. Substituted tetrahydropyrans 11 or 13 are formed in the minor 6-endo-trig cyclization. According to the data of competition kinetics, the observed stereoselectivities in free alkoxy radical cyclizations arise from steric interactions between the substituents in the transition state of the ring closure reactions. Alkyl substituents cause small differences in the measured relative rate constants of B-exo cyclizations which are reminiscent of the data obtained from the rearrangements of alkyl-substituted 5-hexenyl radicals. Likewise, a stereochemical model for oxygen radical cyclization is proposed where the pentenyloxy chain adopts a six-membered, chairlike transition state with the alkyl substituents preferentially situated in the pseudoequatorial positions leading to 2,5-trans-, 2,4-cis-, and 2,3-trans-substituted tetrahydrofurfuryl radicals 8 as the major intermediates.
This invention relates to compounds of Formula (I): and their use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
本发明涉及式(I)的化合物及其在治疗细菌感染方面的应用。
Direct Cross-Coupling Access to Diverse Aromatic Sulfide: Palladium-Catalyzed Double C–S Bond Construction Using Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a Sulfurating Reagent
作者:Zongjun Qiao、Jianpeng Wei、Xuefeng Jiang
DOI:10.1021/ol500112y
日期:2014.2.21
The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides, alkyl halides, and Na2S2O3 center dot 5H(2)O to deliver aromatic thioethers is described. Pyridine, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzoxazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, and pyrazine are all amenable to this protocol. The odorless and stable solid Na2S2O3 center dot 5H(2)O was used as a convenient and environmentally friendly source of sulfur. Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings without thiols or thiophenols to build C-S bonds have not previously been achieved, which renders our observation more striking.