Hexadecyltrichlorosilane is a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Material will burn though it may require some effort to ignite. It is decomposed by moisture or water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue.
颜色/状态：
Colorless to yellow liquid
稳定性/保质期：
Evolves hydrogen chloride in the presence of moisture.
分解：
The silanes decomp at elevated temp to liberate hydrogen and deposit a high purity silicon, which leads to some of the principal uses of silanes. /Silanes/
腐蚀性：
Corrosive
折光率：
Index of refraction = 1.4568 at 25 °C/D
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
7.89
重原子数：
20
可旋转键数：
14
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
1.0
拓扑面积：
0
氢给体数：
0
氢受体数：
0
ADMET
代谢
氯硅烷在与组织液接触时，会迅速水解释放氯化氢。
... Chlorosilanes will be rapidly hydrolyzed upon contact with tissue fluids to release hydrochloric acid. /Chlorosilanes/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
Dermatotoxin - 皮肤烧伤。
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Higher exposure can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with dimethyldichlorosilane, irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, pain, and shock generally follow dermal exposure. Inhalation irritates mucous membranes. Severe gastrointestinal damage may occur. Vapors cause severe eye and lung injury. Upon short contact, second and third degree burns may occur. Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of dimethyldichlorosilane may be severe and include increased salivation, intense thirst, difficulty swallowing, chills, pain, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. /Dimethyldichlorosilane/
A General and Selective Synthesis of Methylmonochlorosilanes from Di-, Tri-, and Tetrachlorosilanes
作者：Yuki Naganawa、Kei Sakamoto、Yumiko Nakajima
DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04175
日期：2021.1.15
Direct catalytic transformation of chlorosilanes into organosilicon compounds remains challenging due to difficulty in cleaving the strong Si–Cl bond(s). We herein report the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of chlorosilanes with organoaluminum reagents. A combination of [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2 and DavePhos ligand catalyzed the selective methylation of various dichlorosilanes 1, trichlorosilanes 5
由于难以裂解牢固的Si-Cl键，氯硅烷直接催化转化为有机硅化合物仍然具有挑战性。我们在本文中报道了氯硅烷与有机铝试剂的钯催化交叉偶联反应。[Pd（C 3 H 5）Cl] 2和DavePhos配体的组合催化了各种二氯硅烷1，三氯硅烷5和四氯硅烷6的选择性甲基化，得到了相应的一氯硅烷。
Selective Terminal Functionalization of Linear Alkanes**
dehydrogenation/remote hydrofunctionalization as a unified and versatile approach to selectively convert linear alkanes into a large array of valuable functionalized aliphatic derivatives is reported. The reaction goes through a site-selective functionalization at the unreactive primary C−H bonds of the linear alkane and avoids the use of linear α-olefins.
