作者:Núbia Boechat、Luiz C. S. Pinheiro、Thiago S. Silva、Anna C. C. Aguiar、Alcione S. Carvalho、Monica M. Bastos、Carolina C. P. Costa、Sergio Pinheiro、Angelo C. Pinto、Jorge S. Mendonça、Karen D. B. Dutra、Alessandra L. Valverde、Osvaldo A. Santos-Filho、Isabela P. Ceravolo、Antoniana U. Krettli
DOI:10.3390/molecules17078285
日期:——
According to the World Health Organization, half of the World’s population, approximately 3.3 billion people, is at risk for developing malaria. Nearly 700,000 deaths each year are associated with the disease. Control of the disease in humans still relies on chemotherapy. Drug resistance is a limiting factor, and the search for new drugs is important. We have designed and synthesized new 2-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives based on bioisosteric replacement of functional groups on the anti-malarial compounds mefloquine and amodiaquine. This approach enabled us to investigate the impact of: (i) ring bioisosteric replacement; (ii) a CF3 group substituted at the 2-position of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold and (iii) a range of amines as substituents at the 7-position of the of heterocyclic ring; on in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. According to docking simulations, the synthesized compounds are able to interact with P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) through strong hydrogen bonds. The presence of a trifluoromethyl group at the 2-position of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring led to increased drug activity. Thirteen compounds were found to be active, with IC50 values ranging from 0.023 to 20 µM in the anti-HRP2 and hypoxanthine assays. The selectivity index (SI) of the most active derivatives 5, 8, 11 and 16 was found to vary from 1,003 to 18,478.
根据世界卫生组织的数据,全球一半的人口(约 33 亿人)有可能罹患疟疾。每年有近 70 万人死于疟疾。人类对疟疾的控制仍然依赖化疗。抗药性是一个限制因素,因此寻找新药非常重要。我们设计并合成了新的 2-(三氟甲基)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶衍生物,其基础是生物异构取代抗疟疾化合物甲氟喹和阿莫地喹上的官能团。这种方法使我们能够研究以下因素的影响:(i)环的生物异构取代;(ii)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶支架 2 位的 CF3 基团取代;以及(iii)杂环 7 位的一系列胺取代基;对恶性疟原虫体外活性的影响。根据对接模拟,合成的化合物能够通过强氢键与恶性疟原虫二氢烟酸脱氢酶(PfDHODH)相互作用。在[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶环的 2 位上存在三氟甲基可提高药物活性。在抗 HRP2 和次黄嘌呤试验中,发现 13 种化合物具有活性,IC50 值从 0.023 到 20 µM。最有活性的衍生物 5、8、11 和 16 的选择性指数(SI)从 1,003 到 18,478 不等。