Metabolism ... of an oral dose of (14)C bendiocarb by a human subject was similar to the pattern observed in animals; primarily as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of the phenol, with minor amounts of conjugated bendiocarb and N-hydroxymethyl bendiocarb.
In all species examined, bendiocarb was metabolized via cleavage of the carbamate ester group to yield the phenol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzoxodiol-4-ol), which was excreted as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.
Spontaneous hydrolysis of the carbamate-cholinesterase complex occurs in vivo, leading to the disappearance of clinical effects within 24 hr. /Carbamate pesticides/
Bendiocarb is readily conjugated and metabolized by liver microsome enzymes, it is rapidly excreted, mainly as sulfate and beta-glucuronide conjugates of the phenol derivative.
Bendiocarb is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:人类非致癌性证据E组
Cancer Classification: Group E Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity for Humans
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
In rats given a 1 mg/kg oral dose of (14)C bendiocarb, plasma levels of radioactivity peaked at 10 min after administration. Following a 2.5 mg/kg dose, radioactivity in the tissues 72 hr after administration ranged from 0.015 to 0.061 ppm (as bendiocarb). Six days after 10 day dietary administration of ring-labeled bendiocarb to rats ended, residues were detected in the fat, liver, kidneys, muscle, and brain, the levels being highest in the fat tissue. ... Within 2 days after oral administration of ring-labeled bendiocarb (at 0.125-10 mg/kg) to rats, 89-90% of the dose was eliminated in the urine, 2-6% in the expired air, and 2-6% in the feces. ...
In rats and a range of other mammals, rapidly absorbed following oral admin or inhalation, but not following skin contact. Rapidly detoxified and eliminated almost completely within 24 hr as the sulfate and glucuronide conjugate of the principal metabolite, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol.
Bendiocarb may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or to a limited extent through the intact skin. Low vapor pressure makes inhalation unlikely except from airborne spray mist.
Male and female rats treated with a single oral dose of (14)C-bendiocarb at approximately 10 mg/kg body weight eliminated over 95% of the administered radioactivity in urine (89%), expired air (6%) and feces (2%) within 2 days of dosing. There was no significant sex different in rate and route of elimination.
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号:WO2017075056A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
[EN] BICYCLYL-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ISOTHIAZOLINE SUBSTITUÉS PAR UN BICYCLYLE
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:WO2014206910A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-31
The present invention relates to bicyclyl-substituted isothiazoline compounds of formula (I) wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.
The present invention relates to azoline compounds of formula (I) wherein A, B1, B2, B3, G1, G2, X1, R1, R3a, R3b, Rg1 and Rg2 are as defined in the claims and the description. The compounds are useful for combating or controlling invertebrate pests, in particular arthropod pests and nematodes. The invention also relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests by using these compounds and to plant propagation material and to an agricultural and a veterinary composition comprising said compounds.