Method of obtaining environment-friendly polyols from waste left after transesterification of plant oils is characterized in that the said waste is heated to a temperature in the range between 160 and 240°C, preferably between 175 and 185°C, under reduced pressure in order to distill the volatile fraction. The distillation proceeds until no more condensate appears, and the resultant product has a hydroxyl number between 400 and 1200 mg KOH/g. Then the mixture is cooled below 100°C, and acidified with a protonic acid, more preferably with sulphuric acid pH 4.5 to 9, preferably from 6.5 to 7.5. Next, the reaction mixture is heated under reduced pressure to a temperature between 100 and 120°C until water stops to appear. Polyols are also produced from polyglycols extended with fatty acids and modified fatty acids.
The object of the invention is also the method of obtaining polyurethane foams by using polyols that had been obtained by the method according to the invention. The foams additionally contain substances which retard their flammability.
从植物油酯交换反应后残留的废料中获得环保型多元醇的方法,其特征在于在减压下将上述废料加热到 160 至 240°C,最好是 175 至 185°C,以蒸馏出挥发性部分。蒸馏过程一直进行到不再出现冷凝物,且所得产品的羟基数在 400 至 1200 毫克 KOH/g 之间。然后将混合物冷却至 100°C 以下,并用质子酸进行酸化,pH 值在 4.5 至 9 之间的
硫酸更佳,pH 值在 6.5 至 7.5 之间的
硫酸更佳。然后,在减压条件下将反应混合物加热到 100 至 120°C 之间的温度,直到不再出现
水为止。多元醇也可以用
脂肪酸和改性
脂肪酸延伸的多元醇来生产。
本发明的目的还在于使用通过本发明方法获得的多元醇来获得聚
氨酯泡沫的方法。这种泡沫塑料还含有阻燃物质。