Partial Reduction of Dinitroarenes to Nitroanilines with Hydrazine Hydrate
作者:Nagaraj R. Ayyangar、Uttam R. Kalkote、Ananda G. Lugade、Pandurang V. Nikrad、Vasant K. Sharma
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.56.3159
日期:1983.10
such as hydroxyl and amine groups could be conveniently reduced with 3 molar equivalents of hydrazinehydrate in presence of Raneynickelcatalyst in ethanol/1,2-dichloroethane solvent mixture to give a product wherein one of the two nitro groups was reduced to the amino group. The yields of the partial reduction products are good. Under similar conditions alkoxyl substituents in the o,p-position to the
The stabilities of Meisenheimer complexes. Part 16. Kinetic and equilibrium data for sodium isopropoxide addition to some aromatic nitro compounds in propan-2-ol
作者:Michael R. Crampton、Brenda Gibson、Francis W. Gilmore
DOI:10.1039/p29790000091
日期:——
Equilibrium and kineticdata are reported for reaction of sodium isopropoxide in propan-2-ol with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and a series of 1-isopropoxy-2,4-dinitro-6-X-benzenes (X = NO2, Cl, CO2Pri, or H). Three types of reaction can be distinguished; addition of base at unsubstituted ring positions, addition at alkoxy-substituted positions, and SN2 dealkylation. Complexes formed by base addition at unsubstituted
报告了丙-2-醇中异丙醇钠与1,3,5-三硝基苯和一系列1-异丙氧基-2,4-二硝基-6-X-苯的反应的平衡和动力学数据(X = NO 2,氯,CO 2镨我,或H)。可以区分三种类型的反应:在未取代的环位置上添加碱,在烷氧基取代的位置上添加,以及S N 2脱烷基。通过在未取代的环位置上加碱而形成的络合物几乎没有与钠离子缔合的趋势,并且通过离子对大大降低了异丙醇加成的速率常数。但是,1,1-二异丙氧基配合物和导致它们的过渡态通过与钠离子缔合而被稳定。
Continuous process for preparing alkoxynitroarenes
申请人:——
公开号:US20040133046A1
公开(公告)日:2004-07-08
A continuous process for preparing alkoxynitroarenes, such as 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 1-isopropoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene, is provided. The continuous process of the present invention provides for the effective handling and manufacture of alkoxynitroarenes and permits the utilization of the continuous processing equipment already in place in a number of trinitrotoluene (TNT) manufacturing facilities. Thus, the present invention provides a continuous process for the large scale manufacture of TNT alternatives which does not require re-facilitization.
The effect of crown ethers on the reactivity of alkoxides. Part 2. The reaction of potassium isopropoxide and 2,4-dinitrohalogenobenzenes in propan-2-ol-benzene
作者:Claudio Mariani、Giorgio Modena、Gian Paolo Pizzo、Gianfranco Scorrano、Lothar Kistenbrügger
DOI:10.1039/p29790001187
日期:——
nucleophilic substitution. The kinetic order in base in the presence of the potassium complexing agents is less than unity. The radical anion of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene has been identified in the system containing (1). These results are explained in terms of the intervention of a nucleophilic-radical reaction pathway of the SRN1 type leading to the phenol.
THERAPEUTIC DNP DERIVATIVES AND METHODS USING SAME
申请人:YALE UNIVERSITY
公开号:US20160207873A1
公开(公告)日:2016-07-21
The present invention includes DNP derivatives of formula (I) that are useful for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject is further administered at least one additional therapeutic agent.