Generic model controller tuning for chemical processes with input saturation
作者:Bingjun Guo、Xiangming Hua、Arthur Jutan
DOI:10.1002/cjce.5450800212
日期:2002.4
Control in the face of processinput constraints is very common and of great practical importance in the processing industries. GenericModel Control (GMC) is a model-based control framework for both linear and nonlinear systems. In this paper, a constrained GMC controllertuning approach using a nonlinear least squares technique is proposed. This tuning approach is simple to apply. For a SISO GMC
面对过程输入限制的控制在加工工业中非常普遍且具有重要的实际意义。通用模型控制 (GMC) 是一种基于模型的控制框架,适用于线性和非线性系统。在本文中,提出了一种使用非线性最小二乘技术的约束 GMC 控制器整定方法。这种调整方法很容易应用。对于输入饱和的 SISO GMC 控制系统,通过添加简单的启发式切换策略可以显着提高跟踪性能。使用动态仿真和 MIMO 实时实验证明了所提出的控制器调整方法的有效性。
Nucleophilic Attack on Nitrogen in Tetrazines by Silyl-Enol Ethers
作者:Simon D. Schnell、Mauro Schilling、Jan Sklyaruk、Anthony Linden、Sandra Luber、Karl Gademann
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04113
日期:2021.4.2
The nucleophilic addition of silyl-enol ethers to nitrogen in 3-monosubstituted s-tetrazines mediated by BF3 is reported. The preference for this azaphilic addition over the usually observed inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions was evaluated theoretically and corroborated by experiments. The substrate dependency of this unusual reaction was rationalized by determination of the activation barriers
Synthesis, characterization and properties of nitrogen-rich compounds based on cyanuric acid: a promising design in the development of new energetic materials
Nitrogen-rich compounds such as ammonium (1), hydrazinium (2), aminoguanidinium (3), diaminoguanidinium (4), triaminoguanidinium (5), aminonitroguanidinium (6), aminocarbonylguanidinium (7), and metforminium (8), based on a nitrogen-rich anion [CA− (N% = 32.55%, CA = cyanuric acid) and co-crystal 5-amino-1H-tetrazole based on CA (9) were synthesized by means of metathesis reactions. The crystal structures
富含氮的化合物,例如铵(1),肼(2),氨基胍(3),二氨基胍(4),三氨基胍(5),氨基硝基胍(6),氨基羰基胍(7)和二甲双胍(8)富氮阴离子[CA - (ñ%= 32.55%,CA =氰尿酸)和共晶体的5-氨基-1- ħ四唑基于CA(9)通过复分解反应的方法合成。化合物的晶体结构2,4,和9·H 2 ö通过单晶X-射线衍射测定,并通过UV-vis,FT-IR,1 H NMR,MS和元素分析充分表征。通过差热分析(DTA)和热重分析(TGA)研究了热稳定性。DTA结果表明,所有化合物均表现出较高的热稳定性。此外,通过使用B3LYP功能和6-311 ++ G **基数和Born-Haber能量循环来计算形成热。理论计算提供了高能盐的爆炸压力和速度,范围为16.88–30.71 GPa和6276.5–8392.1 ms -1, 分别。化合物的冲击敏感性通过落锤试验确定。所有化合物的不敏感碰撞敏感性均大于60
A new family of energetic salts based on oxy-bridged bis(dinitromethyl)furazan: syntheses, characterization and properties
作者:Hui Li、Feng-qi Zhao、Bo-zhou Wang、Lian-jie Zhai、Wei-peng Lai、Ning Liu
DOI:10.1039/c5ra00175g
日期:——
hydroxylammonium salt (5), all the remaining salts exhibit good thermal stabilities with decomposition temperature above 180 °C. Furthermore, the densities of salts ranged from 1.65 g cm−3 to 1.88 g cm−3. Theoretical calculations provided detonation pressures and velocities for the energetic salts within the range of 24.9–38.0 GPa and 7582.2–9072.7 m s−1, respectively.
合成了基于氧桥联的双(二硝基甲基)呋喃山(2)的高能盐,并通过NMR(1 H和13 C),IR光谱,元素分析以及差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了全面表征。还通过单晶X射线衍射测定了中性2,其铵盐(4),胍盐(7)和胍基胍盐(9)的晶体结构。除羟铵盐(5)外,所有其余盐在分解温度高于180°C时均表现出良好的热稳定性。此外,盐的密度为1.65 g cm -3至1.88 g cm−3。理论计算提供了高能盐在24.9–38.0 GPa和7582.2–9072.7 ms -1范围内的爆炸压力和速度。
The Reactivity of 5-Cyanotetrazole towards Water and Hydroxylamine
作者:Niko Fischer、Thomas M. Klapötke、Sebastian Rappenglück、Jörg Stierstorfer
DOI:10.1002/cplu.201200136
日期:2012.10
using NMR and vibrational (IR, Raman) spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The thermal behavior was studied from DSC measurements and the sensitivities of the compounds towards shock, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined. Moreover, the heats of formation were calculated (atomization method, CBS‐4M enthalpies) and several detonation/propulsion parameters computed