The continuous flow synthesis of a range of organic solutions of N,N-dialkyl-N-chloramines is described using either a bespoke meso-scale tubular reactor with static mixers or a continuous stirred tank reactor. Both reactors promote the efficient mixing of a biphasic solution of N,N-dialkylamine in organic solvent, and aqueous sodium hypochlorite to achieve near quantitative conversions, in 72–100% in situ yields, and useful productivities of around 0.05 mol/h with residence times from 3 to 20 minutes. Initial calorimetric studies have been carried out to inform on reaction exotherms, rates and safe operation. Amines which partition mainly in the organic phase require longer reaction times, provided by the CSTR, to compensate for low mass transfer rates in the biphasic system. The green metrics of the reaction have been assessed and compared to existing procedures and have shown the continuous process is improved over previous procedures. The organic solutions of N,N-dialkyl-N-chloramines produced continuously will enable their use in tandem flow reactions with a range of nucleophilic substrates.
描述了使用定制的中等尺寸管式反应器或连续搅拌罐反应器进行一系列有机溶液的连续流合成,其中包括N,N-二烷基-N-氯胺。这两种反应器促进了有机溶剂中N,N-二烷基胺和水杨酸钠次氯酸盐的两相溶液的高效混合,实现了接近定量转化率,72-100%的原位产率,并且具有0.05摩尔/小时左右的有用生产率,停留时间从3到20分钟不等。初步的热量测定研究已经进行,以了解反应的放热、速率和安全操作。主要分布在有机相中的胺需要更长的反应时间,由CSTR提供,以弥补两相系统中低质量传递速率。该反应的绿色指标已经评估并与现有程序进行了比较,结果表明连续过程优于先前的程序。连续生产的N,N-二烷基-N-氯胺有机溶液将使其能够与一系列亲核底物进行串联流反应。