Familial Aggregation of 7-Year Changes in Musculoskeletal Fitness
摘要:
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of familial resemblance in baseline and 7-year changes in musculoskeletal fitness. Data front the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey and the Campbell's Survey 7-year follow-up were used. The sample consisted of 1264 people (635 males and 629 females) between the ages of 7 and 69 years for whom measurements of musculoskeletal fitness were available at baseline. A subsample of 834 people had measurements at both baseline and 7-year follow-up. Sit-and-reach trunk flexibility, number of push-ups without time limit, number of sit-ups in 60 seconds, and hand-grip strength were used as indicators of musculoskeletal fitness. The data were adjusted for the effects of age and body mass index (and baseline level of the variable for changes) by using regression procedures, and they were standardized to zero mean and unit variance within each of the four sex-by-generation groups (fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters), Familial correlation models were fitted to the data by using the computer software SEGPATH. The results indicate significant familial resemblance for all indicators of musculoskeletal fitness for baseline measures and 7-year changes. The heritabilities, or the percentages of the total variance attributable to heredity, were 64% for trunk flexibility, 37% for push-ups, 59% for sit-ups, and 48% for grip strength. Similarly, heritabilities for the change scores were 48% for trunk flexibility, 52% for push-ups, 41% for sit-ups, and 32% for grip strength. The results suggest that familial, and perhaps genetic, factors are important in explaining the variance in musculoskeletal fitness not only cross-sectionally but also for changes over time.
Synthetic Applications of Pd(II)-Catalyzed C−H Carboxylation and Mechanistic Insights: Expedient Routes to Anthranilic Acids, Oxazolinones, and Quinazolinones
作者:Ramesh Giri、Jonathan K. Lam、Jin-Quan Yu
DOI:10.1021/ja9077705
日期:2010.1.20
carbon monoxide is discussed. Identification of two key intermediates, a mixed anhydride and benzoxazinone formed by reductive elimination from organometallic Ar(CO)Pd(II)-OTs species, provides mechanistic evidence for a dual-reaction pathway.
The first CuI-nanoparticle catalyzed ligand free synthesis of N-aryl amides from arylhalides and arylamides/cyclic amides has been developed. This methodology is further extended for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles such as benzimidazole, and quinazolinone via intermolecular amidation reaction followed by cyclization. TEM images of the CuI-NP catalyst showed spherical, well-dispersed particles
Iron nitrate/TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of quinazolinones from alcohols and 2-aminobenzamides with air as the oxidant
作者:Yongke Hu、Lei Chen、Bindong Li
DOI:10.1039/c6ra12164k
日期:——
A highly efficient, Iron nitrate/TEMPO-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of quinazolinones has been achieved via a one-pot, tandem aerobic oxidative cyclization of primary alcohols with 2-aminobenzamides. This practical reaction tolerates...
Synthesis of 3H-Quinazolin-4-ones and 4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones via Benzylic Oxidation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation using Potassium Iodide-tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
作者:R. Arun Kumar、C. Uma Maheswari、Satheesh Ghantasala、C. Jyothi、K. Rajender Reddy
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201000580
日期:2011.2.11
and elegant method for benzylic activation was demonstrated employing the potassium iodide/tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide catalytic system. This methodology was further extended for the synthesis of biologically important heterocycles namely, 3H-quinazolin-4-ones and 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones including mecloqualone and etaqualone which are important quinazolinone-based drugs used for the treatment of insomnia
用碘化钾/叔丁基过氧化氢催化体系证明了一种简单而优雅的苄基活化方法。该方法被进一步扩展为合成重要的杂环化合物,即3 H-喹唑啉-4-酮和4 H -3,1-苯并恶嗪-4-酮,包括甲氯喹酮和依他马酮,这是用于治疗的基于喹唑啉酮的重要药物失眠的好收成。
A Convenient and General Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzoxazinones