Simple and Sustainable Iron-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Functionalization of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkylanilines
作者:Maxim O. Ratnikov、Xinfang Xu、Michael P. Doyle
DOI:10.1021/ja402479r
日期:2013.6.26
chloride catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of tertiary anilines, including tetrahydroisoquinolines, to form reactive iminium ion intermediates that undergo Mannich reactions with silyloxyfurans, nitroalkanes, and other nucleophiles to give the corresponding butenolides, nitro compounds, and α-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines, respectively, in good to excellent yields.
A Comparative Mechanistic Study of Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions with <i>N</i>-Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline
作者:Esther Boess、Corinna Schmitz、Martin Klussmann
DOI:10.1021/ja211697s
日期:2012.3.21
A comparative mechanistic study of Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions of N-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline with different nucleophiles was conducted. Two previously reported combinations of catalyst and oxidant were studied, CuCl2 center dot 2H(2)O/O-2 and CuBr/tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). On the basis of a synthetic study with different nucleophiles, the electrophilicity of the intermediate iminium ion was estimated and differences between the two methods were revealed. The key intermediate in the aerobic method is shown to be an iminium ion, formed through oxidation by copper(II), which can react with any nudeophile of sufficient reactivity. The role of oxygen is the reoxidation of the reduced catalyst. In the CuBr/TBHP system, an alpha-amino peroxide is proposed as a true intermediate within the catalytic cycle, formed from the amine and TBHP by a Cu-catalyzed radical reaction pathway and acting as a precursor to the iminium ion intermediate.