Development, Synthetic Scope, and Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Functionalized 1,6-Dienes in the Presence of Silane
摘要:
A 1:1 mixture of the pi-allyl palladium complex (eta (3)-C3H5)Pd(CI)PCy3 Cia) and NaB[3,5-C6H3(CF3)(2)](4) in the presence of HSiEt3 catalyzed the cycloisomerization of diethyl diallylmalonate (2b) to form 4,4-dicarbomethoxy 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane (3b) in 98% yield with 98% isomeric purity. The procedure tolerated a range of functionality including esters, ketones, sulfones, protected alcohols, and substitution at the allylic and terminal olefinic carbon atoms. Cycloisomerization of 2b obeyed zero-order kinetics to >3 half-lives with initial formation of 1,1-dicarboethoxy-4-methyl-3-methylenecyclopentane (4b), followed by secondary isomerization to 3b. Deuterium labeling studies revealed that the conversion of 2b to 4b was accompanied by significant H/D exchange, consistent with an addition/elimination pathway coupled with facile H/D exchange of the Pd-H(D) intermediates with free silane.
本文描述了多种相对不稳定的碳亲核试剂的烯丙基烷基化的新方法。在这个“脱酰基烯丙基化”过程中,偶联伙伴,烯丙醇和酮亲核试剂,进行原位逆克莱森活化以生成烯丙乙酸和碳负离子。在钯的存在下,这些反应性中间体进行催化偶联形成新的 CC 键。与单分子脱羧烯丙基化(一种常用的碳阴离子烯丙基化方法)相比,脱酰基烯丙基化是一种分子间过程。此外,脱酰基烯丙基化允许容易获得的烯丙醇直接偶联。最后,通过快速构建多种 1、
Cyclization/Hydrogermylation of Functionalized 1,6-Dienes Catalyzed by Cationic Palladium Complexes
作者:Ross A. Widenhoefer、Anand Vadehra、Pavan K. Cheruvu
DOI:10.1021/om990546y
日期:1999.10.1
A 1:1 mixture of the palladium phenanthroline complex (phen)Pd(Me)Cl and NaBAr4 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; Ar = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2) catalyzed the reaction of 4,4-disubstituted 1,6-dienes with trialkylgermanes at 80 °C in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) to form R3GeCH2-substituted cyclopentanes in good yield with high trans selectivity.
钯菲咯啉配合物(phen)Pd(Me)Cl和NaBAr 4的1:1混合物(phen = 1,10-菲咯啉; Ar = 3,5-C 6 H 3(CF 3)2)催化了在1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中,在80°C下,具有三烷基锗烷的4,4-二取代的1,6-二烯以高收率和高反式选择性形成R 3 GeCH 2取代的环戊烷。
Cyclization/Hydrosilylation of Functionalized Dienes Catalyzed by a Cationic Palladium Phenanthroline Complex
作者:Ross A. Widenhoefer、Carmine N. Stengone
DOI:10.1021/jo9913006
日期:1999.11.1
Mixtures of(phen)PdMe2 (2a) and HBAr'(4) (3a) or (phen)PdMe(Cl) (2b) and NaBAr'(4) (3b) [phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline; Ar' = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)(2)] catalyzed the cyclization/hydrosilylation of functionalized 1,6-dienes to form silylated cyclopentanes in good yield and with excellent trans selectivity about the newly formed C-C bond (typically >50:1). A range of tertiary hydrosilanes were employed in the procedure although unhindered trialkylsilanes provided the most consistent results. The protocol tolerated a range of polar functionality including esters, ethers, amides, sulfones, and cyano groups. 4,4-Disubstitution on the diene backbone promoted cyclization, and a homoallylic ester, ketone, or ether directing group was required for efficient cyclization. The procedure tolerated dienes which possessed a single trans-substituted olefin and also tolerated allylic substitution. These substituted dienes underwent cyclization/hydrosilylation to form carbocycles resulting from transfer of the silyl group to the less hindered olefin. Mixtures of 2a and 3a also catalyzed the cyclization/hydrosilylation of functionalized 1,7-dienes to form silylated cyclohexane derivatives. Cyclization/hydrosilylation of 1,7-dienes was typically slower, less stereoselective, and more sensitive to substitution than was cyclization of 1,6-dienes.
An improved catalyst for the cyclization/hydrosilylation of functionalized 1,6-dienes employing dimethylphenylsilane
作者:Ross A. Widenhoefer、Anand Vadehra
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01706-2
日期:1999.12
A 1:1 mixture of (Me-4-phen)Pd(Me)Cl [Me-4-phen=3,4,7,8-tetramethyl- 1,10-phenanthroline] and NaBAr4 [Ar=3,5-C6H3(CF3)(2)] catalyzed the cyclization/hydrosilylation of functionalized 1,6-dienes with dimethylphenylsilane within minutes at room temperature to form silylated cyclopentanes in good yield with high trans-selectivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.