Expanded Substrate Scope and Improved Reactivity of Ether-Forming Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organotrifluoroborates and Acetals
摘要:
Mixed acetals and organotrifluoroborates undergo BF3 center dot OEt2-promoted cross-couplings to give dialkyl ethers under simple, mild conditions. A survey of reaction partners identified a hydroxamate leaving group that improves the regioselectivity and product yield in the BF3 center dot OEt2-promoted coupling reaction of mixed acetals and potassium alkynyl-, alkenyl-, aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates to access substituted dialkyl ethers. This leaving group enables the reaction to proceed rapidly under mild conditions (0 degrees C, 5-60 min) and permits reactions with electron-deficient potassium aryltrifluoroborates that are less reactive with other acetal substrates. A study of the reaction mechanism and characterization of key intermediates by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography identified a role for the hydroxamate moiety as a reversible leaving group that serves to stabilize the key oxocarbenium intermediate and the need for a slight excess of organodifluoroborane to serve as a catalyst. A secondary role for the boron nucleophile as an activating ligand was also considered. These studies provide the basis for a general class of reagents that lead to dialkyl ethers by a simple, predictable cross-coupling reaction.
Synthesis of Dialkyl Ethers from Organotrifluoroborates and Acetals
作者:T. Andrew Mitchell、Jeffrey W. Bode
DOI:10.1021/ja906514s
日期:2009.12.23
The formation of ethers by C-O bond formation under harsh basic or acidic conditions is an entrenched synthetic disconnection in organic chemistry. We report a strategic alternative that involves the BF(3).OEt(2)-promoted coupling of stable, easily prepared acetals with widely available potassium aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynyltrifluoroborates. This fast, operationally simple process offers straightforward
在苛刻的碱性或酸性条件下通过 CO 键形成形成醚是有机化学中根深蒂固的合成断开。我们报告了一种战略替代方案,涉及 BF(3).OEt(2) 促进的稳定、易于制备的缩醛与广泛可用的芳基-、烯基-和炔基三氟硼酸钾的偶联。这种快速、操作简单的过程提供了直接获得二烷基醚的途径,其中许多使用经典方法难以制备。使用 MOM 保护的醇和缩醛保护的醛可以形成醚,而无需求助于保护基操作或强碱。
A New Method of Synthesis for Propargylic Amines and Ethers via Benzotriazole Derivatives Using Sodium Dialkynyldiethylaluminates
作者:Jin Hee Ahn、Meyoung Ju Joung、Nung Min Yoon、Daniela C. Oniciu、Alan R. Katritzky
DOI:10.1021/jo9814750
日期:1999.1.1
1-(alpha-Aminoalkyl)benzotriazoles react with sodium dialkynyldiethylaluminates to give propargylic amines in excellent yields, including unsubstituted N,N-dialkyl propargylamines, which are difficult to obtain from Lithium acetylide. The reaction of alpha-benzotriazolyl alkyl ethers and sodium dialkynyldiethylaluminate in the presence of zinc iodide also gives propargylic ethers in excellent yields. Unsubstituted propargyl ethers are prepared via the desilylation of trimethylsilylpropargyl ethers.
Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling and tandem cyclization-coupling of α-halo(thio)ethers with organotins
Pd(0) mediates the cross-coupling of organotins with a variety of alpha-haloethers/thioethers in moderate-good yields whereas an alpha-chloroacetoxyalkane failed to react. Tandem cyclization-coupling of the alkyl-palladium intermediate affords novel access to heterocycles.