An Underlying Mechanism of Dual Wnt Inhibition and AMPK Activation: Mitochondrial Uncouplers Masquerading as Wnt Inhibitors
作者:Wen Zhang、Vitaliy M. Sviripa、Liliia M. Kril、Tianxin Yu、Yanqi Xie、W. Brad Hubbard、Patrick G. Sullivan、Xi Chen、Chang-Guo Zhan、Yang Yang-Hartwich、B. Mark Evers、Brett T. Spear、Roberto Gedaly、David S. Watt、Chunming Liu
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01685
日期:2019.12.26
The importance of upregulated Wnt signaling in colorectal cancers led to efforts to develop inhibitors that target beta-catenin in this pathway. We now report that several "Wnt inhibitors" that allegedly target beta-catenin actually function as mitochondrial proton uncouplers that independently activate AMPK and concomitantly inhibit Wnt signaling. As expected for a process in which mitochondrial uncoupling diminishes ATP production, a mitochondrial proton uncoupler, FCCP, and a glucose metabolic inhibitor, 2-DG, activated AMPK and inhibited Wnt signaling. Also consistent with these findings, a well-known "Wnt inhibitor", FH535, functioned as a proton uncoupler, and in support of this finding, the N-methylated analog, 2,5-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-methy1-4-nitrophenyl)-benzenesulfonamide (FH535-M), was inactive as an uncoupler and Wnt inhibitor. Apart from suggesting an opportunity to develop dual Wnt inhibitors and AMPK activators, these findings provide a cautionary tale that claims for Wnt inhibition alone require scrutiny as possible mitochondrial proton uncouplers or inhibitors of the electron transport chain.