Familial Aggregation of 7-Year Changes in Musculoskeletal Fitness
摘要:
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of familial resemblance in baseline and 7-year changes in musculoskeletal fitness. Data front the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey and the Campbell's Survey 7-year follow-up were used. The sample consisted of 1264 people (635 males and 629 females) between the ages of 7 and 69 years for whom measurements of musculoskeletal fitness were available at baseline. A subsample of 834 people had measurements at both baseline and 7-year follow-up. Sit-and-reach trunk flexibility, number of push-ups without time limit, number of sit-ups in 60 seconds, and hand-grip strength were used as indicators of musculoskeletal fitness. The data were adjusted for the effects of age and body mass index (and baseline level of the variable for changes) by using regression procedures, and they were standardized to zero mean and unit variance within each of the four sex-by-generation groups (fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters), Familial correlation models were fitted to the data by using the computer software SEGPATH. The results indicate significant familial resemblance for all indicators of musculoskeletal fitness for baseline measures and 7-year changes. The heritabilities, or the percentages of the total variance attributable to heredity, were 64% for trunk flexibility, 37% for push-ups, 59% for sit-ups, and 48% for grip strength. Similarly, heritabilities for the change scores were 48% for trunk flexibility, 52% for push-ups, 41% for sit-ups, and 32% for grip strength. The results suggest that familial, and perhaps genetic, factors are important in explaining the variance in musculoskeletal fitness not only cross-sectionally but also for changes over time.
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Three-Component Coupling of Anthranilamides with Isocyanides and Arylboronic Acids: Access to 2,3-Disubstituted Quinazolinones
作者:Chun Qian、Kui Liu、Shou-Wei Tao、Fang-Ling Zhang、Yong-Ming Zhu、Shi-Lin Yang
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.8b01218
日期:2018.8.17
A novel palladium-catalyzedoxidative three-component coupling of easily accessible N-substituted anthranilamides with isocyanides and arylboronicacids is achieved. This protocol offers an alternative approach toward 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinones with a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Iron-Catalyzed One-Pot 2,3-Diarylquinazolinone Formation from 2-Nitrobenzamides and Alcohols
作者:Huamin Wang、Xiangxiang Cao、Fuhong Xiao、Saiwen Liu、Guo-Jun Deng
DOI:10.1021/ol402350x
日期:2013.9.20
A novel approach for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylquinazolinones using iron as catalyst is described. Various 2-nitro-N-arylbenzamides reacted with benzylic alcohols to selectively give the corresponding products in the absence of external oxidant or reductant.
The Characterization of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Very Elderly Patients With Cerebrovascular Disease
Background. Elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease have a high frequency of pneumonia due to impaired immune function and the occurrence of micro-aspiration.Methods. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in I I very elderly subjects with cerebrovascular disease and 9 healthy volunteers to investigate whether there were changes of local immunity in the lungs of the elderly subjects. The total cell count. the cell characteristics, and the lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were compared between the two groups.Results. A significant increase in the total cell count as well as in the number of neutrophils and CD8(-) T cells was observed in the elderly group. In addition, the mean CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio was lower in the elderly patients than in the healthy volunteers.Conclusions. These observations suggest that silent micro-aspiration occurs in many elderly individuals with cerebrovascular disease and that pulmonary defenses decrease with age.