Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-Stilbenes via Organozinc Reagents and Carbonyl Compounds
作者:Jin-Xian Wang、Kehu Wang、Lianbiao Zhao、Hongxia Li、Ying Fu、Yulai Hu
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200606016
日期:——
In the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl2(PPh3)2 and a silylating agent, organozinc halides reacted with carbonylcompounds to give the corresponding (E)-stilbenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism is briefly discussed.
An unusual chemoselective oxidation strategy by an unprecedented exploration of an electrophilic center of DMSO: a new facet to classical DMSO oxidation
作者:Rajesh Chebolu、Ashish Bahuguna、Reena Sharma、Vivek Kumar Mishra、P. C. Ravikumar
DOI:10.1039/c5cc05713b
日期:——
A conceptually new dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based oxidation process without the use of any activator has been demonstrated for the oxidation of active methylenes and benzhydrols.
Cadmium-Mediated Carbonyl Benzylation in Tap Water
作者:Cunliu Zhou、Zhiyong Wang
DOI:10.1055/s-2005-865293
日期:——
Zn/CdCl 2 has been developed as a mediator in the benzylation of various aldehydes in tap water affording the corresponding alcohols in moderate to good yields. The addition of a catalytic amount of InCl 3 increases the yield of benzylation product significantly. It can selectively mediate the benzylation of aldehydes in the presence of ketones. A mechanism involving the formation of a cation it-complex
Objective: Alcohol drinkers are generally considered to underreport their alcohol intake, but little is known about whether they correctly report their energy intake (EI). We assessed the validity of the reported energy intake of alcohol drinkers using the 24-hour urinary (U) excretion of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) as biomarkers.Methods: A total of 2,124 men and 1,998 women 25 to 74 years of age with a 24-hour urine collection. a random sample of the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health (BIRNH), were studied. Dietary intake (D), including alcohol consumption, was assessed by a one-day food record, Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was predicted from age gender and weight. As a measure for the degree of reporting error. D-K/U-K, D-Na/U-Na, EI/U-K, Non-alcohol EI/U-Na (NAEI/U-Na), Ei/U-Na, EVU-creatinine and EI/BMR ratios were calculated and compared among non-, moderate and heavy drinkers in both genders.Results: El, NAEI and all seven ratios examined generally increased with the level of alcohol intake in both genders. After adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking and educational level, most ratios were significantly higher in moderate drinkers (p < 0.02 to p < 0.0001) and in heavy drinkers (all p < 0.0001) than in non-drinkers. These differences were most significant in male heavy drinkers. The exceptions were D-K/U-K. D-Na/U-Na and NAEI/U-Na in moderate and female heavy drinkers and EI/U-K in male moderate drinkers. The estimated amount of the overreporting of El by heavy drinkers was 27.8% in men and 13.7% in women.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that El and NAEI obtained from the BIRNH study was overreported among alcohol drinkers, especially among male heavy drinkers. It also indicates that El from alcohol replaced El from food.