Catalytic processes for the controlled polymerization of free radically (Co)polymerizable monomers and functional polymeric systems prepared thereby
申请人:Carnegie Mellon University (a non-profit Pennsylvania organization)
公开号:US20040171779A1
公开(公告)日:2004-09-02
Further improvements have been made in processes for controlled polymerization of free radically (co)polymerizable monomers mediated by a transition metal complex participating in a redox reaction which involves transfer of a radically transferable atom or group to and from an initiator or dormant polymer and the growing active polymer chain ends. Two improvements involve the choice of counterion in the transition metal complex. In one improvement the transition metal is held in close conjunction with a solid support through interaction with a counterion directly attached to the support. This cognition also allows for improvements in catalyst utilization including catalyst recovery and recycle. In another improvement, particularly suitable for controlled polymerization of certain monomers with an expanded range of transition metals, the function of counterion and ligand in the development of the transition metal based catalyst is superseded by use of salt containing a soluble organic counterion. These and other process improvements have been employed to prepare an extended range of novel polymeric materials and novel processes for the preparation of functional polymers including a novel catalytic Atom Transfer Coupling Reaction.
在控制自由基(共)聚合单体的过程中,通过参与氧化还原反应的过渡金属配合物介导,将可自由基转移的原子或基团从引发剂或休眠聚合物传递到活性聚合物链末端,进一步改进了工艺。其中两项改进涉及过渡金属配合物中对离子的选择。在一种改进中,通过与直接附着于支撑物的对离子相互作用,将过渡金属紧密结合于固体支撑物上。这种认知还可以改善催化剂的利用率,包括催化剂的回收和循环利用。在另一项改进中,特别适用于具有扩展过渡金属范围的某些单体的控制聚合,对离子和配体在过渡金属基催化剂的发展中的作用被含有可溶性有机对离子的盐所取代。这些和其他工艺改进已被用于制备一系列新型聚合材料和制备功能性聚合物的新型工艺,包括一种新型的催化原子转移偶联反应。