Systematic Evaluation of Structure-Activity Relationships of the Riminophenazine Class and Discovery of a C2 Pyridylamino Series for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
作者:Binna Liu、Kai Liu、Yu Lu、Dongfeng Zhang、Tianming Yang、Xuan Li、Chen Ma、Meiqin Zheng、Bin Wang、Gang Zhang、Fei Wang、Zhenkun Ma、Chun Li、Haihong Huang、Dali Yin
DOI:10.3390/molecules17044545
日期:——
Clofazimine, a member of the riminophenazine class of drugs, is the cornerstone agent for the treatment of leprosy. This agent is currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to address the urgent need for new drugs that can overcome existing and emerging drug resistance. However, the use of clofazimine in tuberculosis treatment is hampered by its high lipophilicity and skin pigmentation side effects. To identify a new generation of riminophenazines that is less lipophilic and skin staining, while maintaining efficacy, we have performed a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation by synthesizing a variety of analogs of clofazimine and evaluating their anti-tuberculosis activity. The study reveals that the central tricyclic phenazine system and the pendant aromatic rings are important for anti-tuberculosis activity. However, the phenyl groups attached to the C2 and N5 position of clofazimine can be replaced by a pyridyl group to provide analogs with improved physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Replacement of the phenyl group attached to the C2 position by a pyridyl group has led to a promising new series of compounds with improved physicochemical properties, improved anti-tuberculosis potency, and reduced pigmentation potential.
克洛法嗪是苯嗪类药物的重要成员,是治疗麻风的基石药物。该药目前正在临床试验中研究治疗多药耐药性结核病,以应对迫切需要的新药,以克服现有和新出现的药物耐药性。然而,克洛法嗪在结核病治疗中的使用受到其高脂溶性和皮肤色素沉着副作用的困扰。为了识别新一代脂溶性较低且不易染色的苯嗪类药物,同时保持疗效,我们进行了系统的结构-活性关系(SAR)研究,通过合成多种克洛法嗪的类似物并评估其抗结核活性。研究表明,中心三环苯嗪系统和附加的芳环对抗结核活性具有重要作用。然而,连接在克洛法嗪的C2和N5位置的苯基可以被吡啶基替代,从而提供具有改进的物理化学性质和药代动力学特征的类药物。将连接在C2位置的苯基替换为吡啶基导致了一系列前景良好的新化合物,这些化合物具有更好的物理化学性质、增强的抗结核效能以及减少的色素沉着潜力。