A range of sulfur-containing amides have been fluorinated with the hypervalent iodine difluoride reagents 1, and two principal reaction pathways identified. Cephalosporin esters 2 having a heteroatom in the α-position to sulfur undergo fluorination in DCM with cleavage of the carbon–sulfur bond to form novel fluorinated β-lactams 4. Sulfides with electron-withdrawing groups in the α-position undergo α-fluorination in a process analogous to the classical Pummerer reaction. This Fluoro-Pummerer reaction has been exemplified for a range of simple α-phenylsulfanylacetamides 14–19. When β-hydrogens are present in the substrate a different route is followed, with deprotonation by basic fluoride taking place to yield vinyl sulfides 41–43. When an excess of the fluorinating reagent is used these vinyl sulfides can undergo further reaction in a novel tandem Pummerer-Additive-Pummerer process to yield α,β-difluoro sulfides 45–47.
使用高价二
氟化
碘试剂 1 对一系列含
硫酰胺进行了
氟化处理,并确定了两种主要的反应途径。
头孢菌素酯 2 在
硫的α位上有一个杂原子,在
二氯甲烷中发生
氟化反应,碳-
硫键断裂,形成新型
氟化β-内酰胺 4。在 α 位上带有抽电子基团的
硫化物在类似于经典普默尔反应的过程中发生 α-
氟化反应。这种
氟-普默尔反应已在一系列简单的 α-苯
硫基乙酰胺 14-19 中得到验证。当底物中含有 β 氢时,则采用不同的途径,通过碱性
氟化物进行去质子化反应,生成
乙烯基硫化物 41-43。当使用过量的
氟化试剂时,这些
乙烯基硫化物可在新型串联式普默尔-添加剂-普默尔工艺中发生进一步反应,生成 α,β-二
氟硫化物 45-47。