Mimicking the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Benzoxazines and Quinazolines as Potential Antimalarial Agents
作者:Sandra Gemma、Caterina Camodeca、Margherita Brindisi、Simone Brogi、Gagan Kukreja、Sanil Kunjir、Emanuele Gabellieri、Leonardo Lucantoni、Annette Habluetzel、Donatella Taramelli、Nicoletta Basilico、Roberta Gualdani、Francesco Tadini-Buoninsegni、Gianluca Bartolommei、Maria Rosa Moncelli、Rowena E. Martin、Robert L. Summers、Stefania Lamponi、Luisa Savini、Isabella Fiorini、Massimo Valoti、Ettore Novellino、Giuseppe Campiani、Stefania Butini
DOI:10.1021/jm300831b
日期:2012.12.13
The intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between a protonated amine and a neighboring H-bond acceptor group in the side chain of amodiaquine and isoquine is thought to play an important role in their antimalarial activities. Here we describe isoquine-based compounds in which the intramolecular H-bond is mimicked by a methylene linker. The antimalarial activities of the resulting benzoxazines, their isosteric tetrahydroquinazoline derivatives, and febrifugine-based 1,3-quinazolin-4-ones were examined in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (against Plasmodium berghei). Compounds 6b,c caused modest inhibition of chloroquine transport via the parasite's "chloroquine resistance transporter" (PfCRT) in a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. In silico predictions and experimental evaluation of selected drug-like properties were also performed on compounds 6b,c. Compound 6c emerged from this work as the most promising analogue of the series; it possessed low toxicity and good antimalarial activity when administered orally to P. berghei-infected mice.