甲苯胺白 | 53025-09-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 苯并噻嗪类
• 中文名称: 甲苯胺白
• 英文名称: toluidine white
• 英文别名: N',N',2-trimethylphenothiazine-3,7-diamine；7-N,7-N,2-trimethyl-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine
• CAS: 53025-09-5
• 化学式: C₁₅H₁₇N₃S
• 分子量: 271.386
• InChiKey: KFHYCOZRLSIKRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.4
• 重原子数：
  19
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.2
• 拓扑面积：
  66.6
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  tolonium 在 sodium sulfite 作用下， 以 aq. acetate buffer 为溶剂， 反应 8.0h， 生成 甲苯胺白
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Reduction of Toluidine Blue by Sulfur(IV) in Acetate Buffer Medium: Kinetics and Mechanism

  摘要：

  在温度范围为 293-308 K 的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲介质中，用分光光度法研究了亚硫酸盐[S(IV)]还原甲苯胺蓝（TB+）的情况。在底物浓度较低时（[S(IV)] £ 0.07 mol dm-3），反应在 S(IV)中呈一阶，但在底物浓度较高时（[S(IV)] > 0.07 mol dm-3），反应在 S(IV)中呈二阶。在 pH 值为 4.0-5.4 的范围内，H+ 离子对反应有抑制作用。速率随介质离子强度的增加而降低，但随介质介电常数的降低而保持不变。氧化反应可能涉及通过自由基机制进行的单电子转移步骤。计算了总的活化焓和活化熵。提出了与实验结果相吻合的合理机制和速率定律。

  DOI：

  10.14233/ajchem.2015.18285

文献信息

• Reduction of Toluidine Blue by Sulfur(IV) in Acetate Buffer Medium: Kinetics and Mechanism
  作者：Pratik K. Sen、Rabindra N. Bera、Biswajit Pal

  DOI：10.14233/ajchem.2015.18285

  日期：——

  The reduction of toluidine blue (TB+) by sulfite [S(IV)] was studied spectrophtometrically in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer medium in the temperature range 293-308 K. The reaction showed first order dependence on toluidine blue. The reaction was found to be first order in S(IV) at lower substrate concentration ([S(IV)] £ 0.07 mol dm-3) but the reaction became second order in S(IV) at high substrate concentration ([S(IV)] > 0.07 mol dm-3). H+ ions were found to inhibit the reaction in the pH range 4.0-5.4. The rate decreased with increase in the ionic strength of the medium, but remained unchanged with decreasing dielectric constant of the medium. The oxidation reaction possibly involved a one-electron transfer step via a free radical mechanism. An overall enthalpy and entropy of activation were computed. A plausible mechanism and rate law corroborating the experimental results have been put forward.

  在温度范围为 293-308 K 的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲介质中，用分光光度法研究了亚硫酸盐[S(IV)]还原甲苯胺蓝（TB+）的情况。在底物浓度较低时（[S(IV)] £ 0.07 mol dm-3），反应在 S(IV)中呈一阶，但在底物浓度较高时（[S(IV)] > 0.07 mol dm-3），反应在 S(IV)中呈二阶。在 pH 值为 4.0-5.4 的范围内，H+ 离子对反应有抑制作用。速率随介质离子强度的增加而降低，但随介质介电常数的降低而保持不变。氧化反应可能涉及通过自由基机制进行的单电子转移步骤。计算了总的活化焓和活化熵。提出了与实验结果相吻合的合理机制和速率定律。
• Materials and methods relating to protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease
  申请人：Wista Laboratories Ltd.

  公开号：EP2305823A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-04-06

  Disclosed are methods of proteolytically converting a precursor protein (e.g. tau) to a product fragment (e.g. a 12 kd fragment) in a stable cell line, wherein the precursor protein is associated with a disease state in which the precursor protein aggregates pathologically (e.g. a tauopathy), and the methods comprise:(a) providing a stable cell line transfected with nucleic acid encoding: (i) a template fragment of the precursor protein such that the template fragment is constitutively expressed in the cell at a level which is not toxic to the cell; and (ii) the precursor protein, which protein is inducibly expressed in the cell in response to a stimulus, whereby interaction of the template fragment with the precursor protein causes a conformational change in the precursor protein such as to cause aggregation and proteolytic processing of the precursor protein to the product fragment. The method is preferably used to screen for modulators of the aggregation process by monitoring production (or modulation of production) of the product band or bands. Also provided are materials for used in the assays, plus medicaments, and related uses and processes, based on compounds which show high activity in the assay of the invention e.g. reduced diaminophenothiazines.

  公开了在稳定细胞系中将前体蛋白（如 tau）蛋白水解转化为产物片段（如 12 kd 片段）的方法，其中前体蛋白与疾病状态相关，在疾病状态中，前体蛋白病理性聚集（如 tau 病）。(a) 提供转染有编码核酸的稳定细胞系：(i) 前体蛋白的模板片段，使模板片段在细胞中以对细胞无毒性的水平组成性表达；以及 (ii) 前体蛋白，该蛋白在刺激下在细胞中诱导性表达，模板片段与前体蛋白的相互作用导致前体蛋白的构象变化，从而引起前体蛋白的聚集和蛋白水解加工为产物片段。该方法最好用于通过监测一条或多条产物带的产生（或对产生的调节）来筛选聚集过程的调节剂。此外，还提供了用于检测的材料，以及基于在本发明检测中显示高活性的化合物（如还原型二氨基吩噻嗪）的药物及相关用途和工艺。
• Kinetics and mechanism of autocatalyzed reaction between Phenyl Hydrazine and Toluidine blue in aqueous solution
  作者：S. B. Jonnalagadda、K. Nattar

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(1999)31:2<83::aid-kin1>3.0.co;2-6

  日期：——

  The kinetics and mechanism of reduction of aqueous toluidine blue (TB+) by phenyl hydrazine (Pz), which exhibits nonlinear behavior, is studied spectrophotometrically at 630 nm. Typical kinetic curves exhibited autocatalytic characteristics. The role of H+ as an autocatalyst is established. Rate constants for the uncatalyzed and acid catalyzed reactions are determined. The forward rate constants for the uncatalyzed and acid catalyzed reactions were 1.4 x 10(-2) M-1 s(-l) and 60 M-l s(-1). Reaction products are toluidine white, phenol, and an azo dye. From the stoichiometric ratios, the major reaction is Pz + 2 TB+ + H2O = PhOH + 2 TBH + 2 H+ + N-2. The rate expression and a detailed 12-step reaction mechanism supported by simulations are proposed. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Studies on toluidine blue reaction with sulfite in aqueous solution and role of Cu(II) as promoter
  作者：S. B. Jonnalagadda、N. R. Gollapalli

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(1999)31:8<539::aid-kin3>3.0.co;2-u

  日期：——
• Reduction of toluidine blue by stannous ion at low pH: Kinetics and simulations
  作者：S. B. Jonnalagadda、M. Dumba

  DOI：10.1002/kin.550250905

  日期：1993.9

  AbstractA detailed kinetic study of the reaction between toluidine blue (tolonium chloride) (TB+Cl−) and stannous chloride is carried out in aqueous hydrochloric acid. The depletion kinetics of toluidine blue were spectrometrically monitored at 626 nm. The reaction had fractional order with respect to toluidine blue (one half), three halves with respect to Sn2+, and first‐order dependence on H+ ion. Stoichiometric ratio between reductant and oxidant is 1:1. During the reaction Sn2+ is oxidized to Sn4+ and toluidine blue is reduced to colorless base in two univalent steps. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.