Electron-transfer reactions of rhenium carbonyl radicals with N-methylpyridinium cations: application of Marcus-type relationships
作者:Michael R. Burke、Theodore L. Brown
DOI:10.1021/ja00196a027
日期:1989.7
radicals, Re(CO)sub 4}L* (L = PMesub 3} or P(O-i-Pr)sub 3}), generated via flashphotolysis at 22degree}C of acetonitrile solutions of the corresponding dinuclear compounds, Resub 2}(CO)sub 8}Lsub 2}, are observed to undergo electron transfer to substituted N-methylpyridinium cations. Reaction rates were measured by observing the disappearance of the transient absorption due to Re(CO)sub 4}L* or
Evolutionary Design of Low Molecular Weight Organic Anolyte Materials for Applications in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
作者:Christo S. Sevov、Rachel E. M. Brooner、Etienne Chénard、Rajeev S. Assary、Jeffrey S. Moore、Joaquín Rodríguez-López、Melanie S. Sanford
DOI:10.1021/jacs.5b09572
日期:2015.11.18
The integration of renewable energy sources into the electric grid requires low-cost energy storage systems that mediate the variable and intermittent flux of energy associated with most renewables. Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries have emerged as a promising technology for grid-scale energy storage applications. Because the cost of the system scales with mass, the electroactive materials must have a low equivalent weight (ideally 150 g/(mol e(-)) or less), and must function with low molecular weight supporting electrolytes such as LiBF4. However, soluble anolyte materials that undergo reversible redox processes in the presence of Li-ion supports are rare. We report the evolutionary design of a series of pyridine-based anolyte materials that exhibit up to two reversible redox couples at low potentials in the presence of Li-ion supporting electrolytes. A combination of cyclic voltammetry of anolyte candidates and independent synthesis of their corresponding charged-states was performed to rapidly screen for the most promising candidates. Results of this workflow provided evidence for possible decomposition pathways of first-generation materials and guided synthetic modifications to improve the stability of anolyte materials under the targeted conditions. This iterative process led to the identification of a promising anolyte material, N-methyl 4-acetylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate. This compound is soluble in nonaqueous solvents, is prepared in a single synthetic step, has a low equivalent weight of 111 g/(mol e(-)), and undergoes two reversible 1e reductions in the presence of LiBF4 to form reduced products that are stable over days in solution.