Regiodivergent Enantioselective γ-Additions of Oxazolones to 2,3-Butadienoates Catalyzed by Phosphines: Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids and N,O-Acetal Derivatives
摘要:
Phosphine-catalyzed regiodivergent enantioselective C-2- and C-4-selective gamma-additions of oxazolones to 2,3-butadienoates have been developed. The C-4-selective gamma-addition of oxazolones occurred in a highly enantioselective manner when 2-aryl-4-alkyloxazol-5-(4H)-ones were employed as pronudeophiles. With the employment of 2-alkyl-4-aryloxazol-5-(4H)-ones as the donor, C-2-selective gamma-addition of oxazolones took place in a highly enantioselective manner. The C-4-selective adducts provided rapid access to optically enriched alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acid derivatives, and the C-2-selective products led to facile synthesis of chiral N,O-acetals and gamma-lactols. Theoretical studies via DFT calculations suggested that the origin of the observed regioselectivity was due to the distortion energy that resulted from the interaction between the nudeophilic oxazolide and the electrophilic phosphonium intermediate.
Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carboxy Group Transfer
作者:Caroline Joannesse、Craig P. Johnston、Carmen Concellón、Carmen Simal、Douglas Philp、Andrew D. Smith
DOI:10.1002/anie.200904333
日期:2009.11.9
Transferable skills: Enantiomerically pure isothioureas promote the O‐ to C‐carboxyl grouptransfer of oxazolyl carbonates with excellent levels of enantiocontrol (see scheme). The origin of the enantioselectivity of this process was probed mechanistically and rationalized computationally.