Despite its wide spread use in patients with and without liver disease, milk thistle has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury. While silymarin has effects on cytochrome P450 enzymes and hepatic transporters in vitro, there is little evidence that it causes clinically significant herb-drug interactions.
Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
Other Names: Silybin, Silybum, Silymarin, Marian thistle
Drug Class: Herbal and Dietary Supplements
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
相互作用
当在人类摄入毒鹅膏菌后的48小时内静脉注射水飞蓟宾,它有效地预防了死亡。
When silybin was given iv to humans within 48 hours of ingesting death cap mushroom, it effectively prevented fatalities.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
相互作用
使用水飞蓟素和西利宾预处理可以给予实验动物100%的防护,防止蘑菇中毒。
Pretreatment with silymarin and silybin gives 100% protection against mushroom poisoning in experimental animals.
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used in humans for the treatment of liver disease because of its antioxidant properties and its ability to stabilize cell membranes and regulate cell permeability. To investigate possible hepatoprotective effects in birds, standardized extracts (80%) of silymarin from milk thistle were tested in white Carneaux pigeons (Columba livia). Pigeons were separated into 3 groups and fed diets formulated to provide milk thistle at a level of 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight per day. After acclimation, the birds were challenged with B1 aflatoxin (3 mg/kg body weight for 2 consecutive days) by oral gavage. Liver function then was assessed by hematologic testing and plasma biochemical analysis, liver histopathology, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Results of histopathology and hepatobiliary scintigraphy showed no protective effects from milk-thistle administration. Aflatoxin challenge resulted in hepatic inflammation and necrosis, biliary-duct hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration. All hepatobiliary scintigraphy elements increased significantly after aflatoxin challenge. Bile acid levels and plasma enzyme concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase all increased after aflatoxin exposure and were mostly unchanged with consumption of milk thistle. Only birds fed 10 mg/kg body weight milk thistle showed significant reductions in lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase concentrations after aflatoxin exposure. Our results show that consumption of milk thistle is not associated with hepatoprotective effects against acute B1 aflatoxin exposure in pigeons.